Doğu Marmara bölgesinde yaygın yabani armut türlerinin çöğür anacı olabilme özelliklerinin tespiti üzerinde araştırmalar
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Date
1989-08-03
Authors
Büyükyılmaz, Mustafa
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma Doğu Marmara Bölgesinde yaygın armut türlerinin çöğür anacı olabilme özelliklerinin tespiti amacı ile ele alınmıştır. Yapılan taksonomik çalışmalar sonunda bölgede en yaygın türün P. communls L. olduğu, bunu P. elaeagnifolia Pall.'ın takibettiği tespit edilmiştir. Kök ucunda kromozom sayımları yapılmış ve somatik kromozom sayısı 2n=34 olarak bulunmuştur. Yabani tiplerden alınan tohumlar 50, 60. 70, 80, 90 ve 100 gün süre ile +4°C de nemli perlit içerisinde katlanmış ve hesaplanan çimlenme değerlerine göre katlama süreleri 70-100 gün arasında değişim göstermiştir. Tohumların bir kısmı cam serada çimlendirilmiş ve çöğürler 5-6 yapraklı oluncaya kadar büyütüldükten sonra doğrudan aşı parsellerine aktarılmıştır. +4°C de 100 gün katlanan tohumların harç içerisindeki çimlenme oranlan % 37.8 ile % 94.7 arasında değişmiştir. Vegetasyon mevsimi boyunca birer ay ara ile çöğürlerin ve sürgünlerin çap ve boylan ölçülmüştür. En son ölçümde, çöğür çapları 4.96-9.06 mm, çöğür boylan 11.53-59.91 cm arasında; sürgün çaplan 10.38-12.35 mm ve sürgün boyları 114.43-145.20 cm arasında değişim göstermiştir. Aşıya gelme oranı % 29.2 ile % 100 ve aşı tutma oranı %54.7 ile % 100 arasında bulunmuştur. Çöğür ve sürgünlerde, çap ve boy üniformitesi ile süre arasındaki ilişkiler regresyon eğrileri vasıtasıyla incelenmiş, çöğürlerde çap ve boy büyümesi P. elaeagnifolia Pall. türüne ait tiplerde çok yavaş olmuş, sürgünlerde büyüme hızı bakımından tipler arasında büyük fark görülmemiştir. Ele alınan yabani armut tiplerinin kök gelişimleri de incelenmiş, tiplere göre değişmek üzere kalın kök (0.5 cm’den kalın) adedi 3.22-5.00, kazık köklü fidan oranı % 11.8 - % 31.0. kökleri dikine gelişen fidan oranı % 76.1 - %99.1. genel gelişme durumlarına ait Jüri tarafından verilen puanlar (en yüksek 10 olmak üzere) 5.63-9.00 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, değiştirilmiş "Tartılı-Derecelendirme" yöntemine göre değerlendirilmiş ve değerlendirmeye esas alınan özelliklerin tümü itibariyle hesaplanan toplam değer puanlarına göre P. communis L. türüne ait YA-1603, YA-4105, YA-4104, YA- 1604 ve YA-4111 no.lu tipler Kontrol olarak ele alman Williams çeşidinin önünde ilk sıralarda yer almışlardır
This study was carried out to determine the suitability of wild pear trees, widely grown in the Eastern Marmara Region, as seedling rootstocks for pear cultivars. The most widespread species determined were P. communis L. followed by P.elaeagnifolia Pall. . P. communis L. has two subspecies; subsp. communis and subsp. sativa. The chromosomes in root tips were counted by squash technique and the chromosome number of these species was found to be 2n=34. The seeds of the trees were flrst stratifîed in moistened perlite medium at +4°C for 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 days to determine their stratification periods. By using the germination values (G.V.), their estimated stratification periods were determined as between 70-100 days. The seeds of the trees were later sown in pots fîlled with soil mixture (1/3 soil, 1/3 sand, 1/3 manure) and the pots were placed in a greenhouse. The seedlings were allowed to grow until they had 5-6 leaves, then they were transplanted to budding plots in the fîeld. The germination percentage of the seeds sown in the mixture changed between 37.8 % - 94.7 % . The diameter and height of seedlings and shoots were measured four times with monthly intervals during the growing season. The last measurement covered seedling diameters (4.96-9.06 mm), seedling heights (11.53-59.91 cm), shoot diameters (10.38-12.35 mm), and shoot heights (114.3-145.20 cm). The percentage of seedlings which can be budded and the percentage of bud-take were found to be in between 29.2 % - 100.0 % and 54.7 - 100.0 %, respectlvely. The growth characterized as diameters and heights of both seedlings and shoots was studied against time and the data were evaluated by uslng regression llnes. The growth rate of P. elaeagnifolia Pall. seedlings was very slow for both diameter and height, but there was no significant difference between shoot and growth rates of both species. Root growth of wild pear types was also examined. General appereance of roots was evaluated by a Juıy and the points (10 becoming the highest) given by the Jury were in between 5.63-9.00. The data obtained from the root measurements resulted as follows: 3.22-5.00 as mean values for the number of root branches (thicker than 5 cm), 11.8% - 31.0% for the percentage of plants with straight roots, 76.1 % -99.1 %, for the percentage of plants with top roots. The overall data were evaluated for potential rootstock use by uslng "Weighted-Rankit" method based on the parameters considered for evaluations. The evaluations showed that only the types of P. communis L. numberedas YA-1603, YA-4105, YA-4104, YA-1604,and YA-4111 appeared to be potential seedling rootstock which were superior to open- polllnated Williams cultivar used as the Control.
This study was carried out to determine the suitability of wild pear trees, widely grown in the Eastern Marmara Region, as seedling rootstocks for pear cultivars. The most widespread species determined were P. communis L. followed by P.elaeagnifolia Pall. . P. communis L. has two subspecies; subsp. communis and subsp. sativa. The chromosomes in root tips were counted by squash technique and the chromosome number of these species was found to be 2n=34. The seeds of the trees were flrst stratifîed in moistened perlite medium at +4°C for 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 days to determine their stratification periods. By using the germination values (G.V.), their estimated stratification periods were determined as between 70-100 days. The seeds of the trees were later sown in pots fîlled with soil mixture (1/3 soil, 1/3 sand, 1/3 manure) and the pots were placed in a greenhouse. The seedlings were allowed to grow until they had 5-6 leaves, then they were transplanted to budding plots in the fîeld. The germination percentage of the seeds sown in the mixture changed between 37.8 % - 94.7 % . The diameter and height of seedlings and shoots were measured four times with monthly intervals during the growing season. The last measurement covered seedling diameters (4.96-9.06 mm), seedling heights (11.53-59.91 cm), shoot diameters (10.38-12.35 mm), and shoot heights (114.3-145.20 cm). The percentage of seedlings which can be budded and the percentage of bud-take were found to be in between 29.2 % - 100.0 % and 54.7 - 100.0 %, respectlvely. The growth characterized as diameters and heights of both seedlings and shoots was studied against time and the data were evaluated by uslng regression llnes. The growth rate of P. elaeagnifolia Pall. seedlings was very slow for both diameter and height, but there was no significant difference between shoot and growth rates of both species. Root growth of wild pear types was also examined. General appereance of roots was evaluated by a Juıy and the points (10 becoming the highest) given by the Jury were in between 5.63-9.00. The data obtained from the root measurements resulted as follows: 3.22-5.00 as mean values for the number of root branches (thicker than 5 cm), 11.8% - 31.0% for the percentage of plants with straight roots, 76.1 % -99.1 %, for the percentage of plants with top roots. The overall data were evaluated for potential rootstock use by uslng "Weighted-Rankit" method based on the parameters considered for evaluations. The evaluations showed that only the types of P. communis L. numberedas YA-1603, YA-4105, YA-4104, YA-1604,and YA-4111 appeared to be potential seedling rootstock which were superior to open- polllnated Williams cultivar used as the Control.
Description
Keywords
Armut, Çördük, Pear, Sea parsnip
Citation
Büyükyılmaz, M. (1989). Doğu Marmara bölgesinde yaygın yabani armut türlerinin çöğür anacı olabilme özelliklerinin tespiti üzerinde araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.