İlk Dönem Abbâsî sarayında mûsikî
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Date
2011-06-30
Authors
Benlioğlu, Selman
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Abbâsî Devleti’nin “Altın Çağ” olarak nitelenen ilk asrı (m.750-847) bilimsel ve sanatsal faaliyetler açısından oldukça parlak bir dönemdir. İktidarın himâyesi, çevre kültürlerin tesiri ve toplumsal refahın artışı sayesinde önceleri iptidai olarak sürdürülen mûsikî çalışmaları profesyonel düzeye ulaşmıştır. Tercüme hareketiyle kurulan temel üzerine İslâm mûsikî ilmi bina edilmiş ve Müslüman âlimler tarafından özgün teorik müzik eserleri telif edilmiştir. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde cahiliyye devrinden başlayarak Abbâsîler’e kadar uzanan süreçte İslâm dünyasındaki mûsikînin durumu özetlenmiştir. Birinci bölümde ilk dönem Abbâsî siyasi ve sosyal tarihine değinilerek çalışmaya zemin oluşturulmuştur. Bu kapsamda ilk dokuz Abbâsî halifesi dönemi öne çıkan yönleriyle ve sosyopolitik açıdan ele alınmıştır. Ardından tercüme faaliyetleriyle şekillenen devrin ilmî yapısı ve kozmopolit hâle gelen toplumdaki eğlence kültürü incelenmiştir. İkinci bölüm iktidarın mûsikî ve mûsikîşinaslarla ilişkisi üzerinedir. Halifelerin müziğe olan kişisel ilgilerinden sonra mûsikînin himâyesi üzerinde durulmuştur. İktidar-mûsikî ilişkisi çerçevesinde hâmîlerin ve sanatkârların karşılıklı çıkarlarından bahsedilmiştir. Bu bölümün sonunda artık toplumda yerleşmiş bir sınıf hâline gelen müzisyenlerin genel özellikleri, hayat standartları ve profesyonelleşmeleri ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü ve son bölümde Abbâsî müziğinin merkezi konumundaki sarayda yer alan mûsikînin icra özelliklerine değinilmiştir. Yaygın icra düzeni olarak meclis kavramı ile eser tercihi, repertuar ve performans üzerinde etkili olan unsurlar bu kapsamda değerlendirilmiştir. Dönemin müzikal gelişiminde etkin rol oynayan rekabet ve müsabaka kavramları analiz edildikten sonra ilmî mûsikî çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak İslâm mûsikî tarihinde dönüm noktası olan bu dönem müziğin de altın çağı olmuştur.
The first century of the Abbasid Empire (750-847) which is described as “Golden Age” is quite a bright period in terms of scientific and artistic activities. Musical works had used to be done primitively before that period. By the patronage of the political power, the effect of neighboring cultures and the increase in social welfare, music started to be performed in a professional manner. The Islamic musical science was built on the base established through translation movement and Muslim scholars did original musical studies. In the introductory part of the study, the music in the Islamic world from the ignorance period to Abbasids is briefly analyzed. In chapter one, a historical background about the politics and social circumstances in the first period of Abbasids is presented. In this context, the period of nine Abbasid caliphs is discussed by prominent aspects and socio-political means. Afterwards, the scientific structure of the era shaped by translation movement and the entertainment culture of cosmopolitan society are examined. The second chapter is about the relationship of the government with music and musicians. Due to their personal interest, caliphs’ patronage of music is elaborated. Within the scope of political power and music relation, mutual benefits of patrons and artists are mentioned. At the end of this chapter, common characteristics, life standards and professionalization of the musicians that began to form a distinct class in the community are argued. In the third and last chapter, the performance practice at the court which was the center of Abbasid music is examined. Within this context, the concept of majlis as the general performance discipline is studied with the effective elements on preference of songs, repertoire and performance. As crucial factors on musical development, the rivalry and competition concepts are analyzed and then academic music studies are listed. In conclusion, this era is not only a turning point for Islamic music history but also a golden age.
The first century of the Abbasid Empire (750-847) which is described as “Golden Age” is quite a bright period in terms of scientific and artistic activities. Musical works had used to be done primitively before that period. By the patronage of the political power, the effect of neighboring cultures and the increase in social welfare, music started to be performed in a professional manner. The Islamic musical science was built on the base established through translation movement and Muslim scholars did original musical studies. In the introductory part of the study, the music in the Islamic world from the ignorance period to Abbasids is briefly analyzed. In chapter one, a historical background about the politics and social circumstances in the first period of Abbasids is presented. In this context, the period of nine Abbasid caliphs is discussed by prominent aspects and socio-political means. Afterwards, the scientific structure of the era shaped by translation movement and the entertainment culture of cosmopolitan society are examined. The second chapter is about the relationship of the government with music and musicians. Due to their personal interest, caliphs’ patronage of music is elaborated. Within the scope of political power and music relation, mutual benefits of patrons and artists are mentioned. At the end of this chapter, common characteristics, life standards and professionalization of the musicians that began to form a distinct class in the community are argued. In the third and last chapter, the performance practice at the court which was the center of Abbasid music is examined. Within this context, the concept of majlis as the general performance discipline is studied with the effective elements on preference of songs, repertoire and performance. As crucial factors on musical development, the rivalry and competition concepts are analyzed and then academic music studies are listed. In conclusion, this era is not only a turning point for Islamic music history but also a golden age.
Description
Keywords
Abbâsîler, Mûsikî, Saray, Meclis, Himâye, Abbasids, Music, Court, Majlis, Patronage
Citation
Benlioğlu, S. (2011). İlk Dönem Abbâsî sarayında mûsikî. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.