Zeki Mübarek ve edebi tenkitçiliği
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Date
2003
Authors
Yılmaz, Ferhat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Zeki Mübarek (1892-1952), modern Arap edebiyatının Mısır'daki temsilcilerin- dendir. Çeşitli konularda yazmış olduğu çok sayıdaki eserin yanı sıra özellikle tenkitle ilgili eserleri ile tanınmıştır. Edebî tenkide dair iki müstakil eser ve çok sayıda makalesi vardır. Tenkide, orijinal bir bakış açısı getiren yazarın şöhreti Irak, Ürdün, Lübnan ve diğer Arap ülkelerine de yayılmıştır. Şiiri nesre, nesri şiire tercih etmeyip, şiiri kalbin, nesri de akim sesi olarak değerlendirmektedir. O, Arap nesrini İranlı yazar İbnu'l-Mukaffa' ile başlatmaz. Buradan hareketle İslam'ın kutsal kitabı K. Kerim'in de, birtakım otoriteler kabul etmese de, nesir olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Arap nesrinin Yunan kaynaklı olduğu ve köklerinin olmadığı şeklindeki görüşü reddeden Zeki Mübarek, İslamiyet'in geldiği dönemde Kur' an' ı ve onun getirdiği vahyi anlayabilecek toplum bilincinin olması gerektiğini yazmıştır. Aynı konuyla ilgili Hz. Muhammed döneminde sanıldığı gi bi Arap edebiyatının geri planda kaldığı görüşünü de reddetmiş, 10 hutbe ile (Hz. Muhammed'in hutbeleri) İslam'ın kısa sürede o kadar etkili olamayacağı ve yayılamayacağı görüşünü savunmuştur. Bu ve benzeri fikirler, yaşadığı toplumun ve Arap dünyası hakkında yapılan çalışmaların bir eleştirisi olup, bunların kabulü uğruna oldukça fazla mücadele etmiştir. Ayrıca Araplardaki hikaye geleneği konusunda da o güne kadar o landan farklı yaklaşımları vardır. Makâme türünün menşei hakkında da yeni tespitleri bulunmaktadır. Mübarek, tenkidi cüz' ilikten arındırmaya, şiir tenkidinde yarım mısra ile, nesir tenkidinde de bir bölümle ilgilenmekten kurtulmaya çağırmaktadır. Ona göre tenkitçinin müellif olması gerekmez. Edebî yeteneğinin olması yeterlidir. Tenkitçinin eleştiri ya parken dinî taassuptan uzak kalması gerektiğini savunur. Tenkide dair en önemli görüşü, tenkidin bir tür tartışma olmadığı, inatçılık ve taassupla karşı tarafa kendi fikrini kabul ettirme şeklinde algılanmaması gerektiğidir.
Zaki Mubarak (1892-1952) is one of the representatives of Modern Arabic Literature in Egypt. He is known especially by his Works pertaining to criticism, besides his many Works in varior topics. He has two single books and many articles concerning literary criticism. The author's fame, who has provided an original view on criticism, has spread in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and other Arab Countries. He neither prefers poetry to prose nor prefers prose to poetry; he regards poetry as the voice of heart and regards the prose as the voice of mind. He doesn't start the Arabic Prose from Ibn al-Muqaffa' of Iran. Starting from this point, although some authors did not accept, he alleges that Quran, holy book of Islam, must be regarded as a prose Zaki Mubarak rejected the view which Arabic prose derived from Grek Origin and had no roots. He has written that there must have existed the social consciousness to be able to understand Quran and revelation that was brought by Quran. Concerning the same topic, he also rejects that, in the period of the Prophet Muhammad, Arabic Literature was ignored, and he alleges that Islam could not be effective so much and could not spread, by 10 khutbas (of Prophet Muhammad Khutbas). This opinion and the like are the criticism of the studies about his own society and Arabic World. He struggled very much for there to be accepted. More, he has different approaches from the common one about the tradition of narration in Arab societes. He also has new definitions for the origin of Makama genre. Mubarak makes a call to clarify the criticism from being partial criticism, that is, to be freed from the criticism of half verse in the criticism of poetry and from the criticism of a part in the criticism of prose. According to him, a critic does not have to be a writer, it is enough to have literary ability. He alleges that a critic must avoid from religious bigotry. The most important opinion of him about criticism is that the criticism is not a kind of debate and must not regarded as a thing to make the opponent accept the critic's opinion, in a bigoted way.
Zaki Mubarak (1892-1952) is one of the representatives of Modern Arabic Literature in Egypt. He is known especially by his Works pertaining to criticism, besides his many Works in varior topics. He has two single books and many articles concerning literary criticism. The author's fame, who has provided an original view on criticism, has spread in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and other Arab Countries. He neither prefers poetry to prose nor prefers prose to poetry; he regards poetry as the voice of heart and regards the prose as the voice of mind. He doesn't start the Arabic Prose from Ibn al-Muqaffa' of Iran. Starting from this point, although some authors did not accept, he alleges that Quran, holy book of Islam, must be regarded as a prose Zaki Mubarak rejected the view which Arabic prose derived from Grek Origin and had no roots. He has written that there must have existed the social consciousness to be able to understand Quran and revelation that was brought by Quran. Concerning the same topic, he also rejects that, in the period of the Prophet Muhammad, Arabic Literature was ignored, and he alleges that Islam could not be effective so much and could not spread, by 10 khutbas (of Prophet Muhammad Khutbas). This opinion and the like are the criticism of the studies about his own society and Arabic World. He struggled very much for there to be accepted. More, he has different approaches from the common one about the tradition of narration in Arab societes. He also has new definitions for the origin of Makama genre. Mubarak makes a call to clarify the criticism from being partial criticism, that is, to be freed from the criticism of half verse in the criticism of poetry and from the criticism of a part in the criticism of prose. According to him, a critic does not have to be a writer, it is enough to have literary ability. He alleges that a critic must avoid from religious bigotry. The most important opinion of him about criticism is that the criticism is not a kind of debate and must not regarded as a thing to make the opponent accept the critic's opinion, in a bigoted way.
Description
Keywords
Zeki Mübarek, Edebî tenkit, Arap edebiyatı, Mısır, Zaki Mubarak, Literary criticism, Arabic literature, Egypt
Citation
Yılmaz, F. (2003). Zeki Mübarek ve edebi tenkitçiliği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.