Yumurtacı tavuklarda plazma alkali fosfataz tipleri ile verim arasındaki ilişkiler
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Date
1997
Authors
Gündüz, Handan
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Tavuklarda üstün yumurta verimi elde etme konusunda araştırmalar oldukça fazladır. İlk önceleri dış bakı ile üstün verime sahip tavukları seçip seleksiyonda kullanma yoluna gidilirken, modem tavukçulukta genetik özellikler biyokimyasal yöntemlerle geliştirilmiştir. Biyokimyasal polimorfizm çalışmaları bu konuda büyük önem taşımaktadır. Tavuklarda alkali fosfataz(ALP) enziminin gerek düzeyi ve gerekse farklı elektroforetik tiplerinin verimle bağlantısını araştırmak için yapılan bu çalışmada, günlük Hyline ırkı yumurtacı civcivler kullanıldı. Canlı ağırlık artışları Nisan ayından itibaren, önceleri büyük sürüden seçilen civcivlerde, Temmuz ayından sonra ise araştırma materyali olan tavuklardan sağlandı. 103 tane civciv 6 aylık olunca kanat venasından (vena cutenea ulnaris) usulüne uygun olarak kan örnekleri alındı. Tüm tavukların plazma ALP aktivitesi saptanıp ortalama sürü aktivitesinden yüksek olan 50 tavuk ALP yüksek, düşük olan 53 tavuk ise ALP düşük grup diye adlandırıldı. Grupların aylık canlı ağırlık kazancı, yumurta ağırlıkları, % yumurta verimleri ve nişasta elektroforezi ile ALP fenotipleri saptandı. ALP yüksek grubun ALP aktiviteleri ortalaması 406.33 mü /mî, düşük grubunki 309.34 mlJ /mi iken 103 tavuğun ortalama değeri 356.43 mU / mi olarak hesaplandı. ALP düzeyi ile canlı ağırlık arasında korelasyon bulunamadı. Grupların yumurtaağırlıkları arasında yine istatistiksel önem saptanamadı. Ancak ALP yüksek grubun % yumurta verimini ALP düşük grup ve tüm kümes ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel önem saptandı. Yumurtlamada pik değerin elde edildiği Eylül ayında ALP yüksek grubun yumurta verimi ALP düşük ve kümes ortalamasından (sırasıyla % 94.70, % 90.69, % 91.65 ) p< 0.001 düzeyde önemle fazla idi. Temmuz ayı hariç diğer aylarda da istatistiksel önem saptandı. ALP fenotipleri nişasta elektroforezi kullanarak bulundu. Hızlı göç eden tip Fast (F), yavaş göç eden ise Slow (S) tiplerinin gruplardaki rastlanılma oranları hesaplandı. Tüm sürüde 60 adet F (% 58.25), 43 adet S (% 41.75) bulunurken ALP yüksek grupta % 64 F ve %36 S, ALP düşük grupta % 52.83 F ve % 47.17 S frekansı görüldü. F ve S fenotipleri ile canlı ağırlık ve ALP aktiviteleri arasında korelasyon bulunamadı. Sonuç olarak yüksek yumurta verimine sahip sürü elde etmek için ALP aktivitelerinin önemli bir kriter olduğu, ALP fenotipleri ile verim arasında ilişki kurulamayacağı, yetiştiricilere yaklaşık % 3-7 oranında daha fazla yumurta verimi sağlayacak ALP düzeyi yüksek tavukların seleksiyonunun yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.
Correlation Between Alkaline Phosphatase Types and Production Traits in Laying Hens A lot of researches have been done to improve egg production in laying hen. Previously phenotypic signs have been used to predict high production but later, in modern poultry breeding genetic performances have been developed by biochemical methods. Biochemical polymorphism has a special importance in breeding researches. In order to investigate the relationship between alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and its electrophoretic types with production traits in laying hen, one day old Hyline chicken were used as research materials. Monthly live weights were measured at in randomly selected chicken from April to July. In late July the live weights of 103 chickens, selected for this project, were measured and recorded. Blood were taken from vena cutaneus uînaris to heparinized tubes and ALP activities individually were determined. The average ALP activity were calculated. 50 hens with ALP activity above the average were named as ALP high group, 53 hens with low ALP activity below than average were called as ALP low group. The live weights, egg weights, % egg production were calculated in both groups for 7-9 months and ALP phenotypes were determined. The average ALP activity of 103 hens was 356.43 mU /ml, ALP high and low groups had 406.33 and 309.34 mU /ml average activities, respectively. There were no correlations between ALP activity and live weights and also any statistical importance were not found on egg weights in both groups. But there was a significant statisticalimportance (p< 0.001) between the percent egg production of ALP high group with ALP low group and all flock during peak production ( % 94.70, % 90.69, % 91.65) which was determined in September. There were also statistical importance in egg productions in other months, except July. ALP phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. The frequency of Fast moving type (F) and Slow moving type (S) were calculated. Totally 60 hens with F type (%58.25) and 43 hens with S type (% 41.75) were found. But, in ALP high group % 64 F and % 36 S, in ALP low group % 52.83 F and % 47.17 S frequencies were also determined. There were no correlation between ALP phenotypes and live weights and ALP activity. As conclusions; ALP activity level was an important criteria to obtain high egg productions in laying hen. Any important relationships between ALP phenotypes and production traits were not established. In order to have better egg production, it could be advised to poultry breeders to use hens with high ALP activity for breeding and for selection.
Correlation Between Alkaline Phosphatase Types and Production Traits in Laying Hens A lot of researches have been done to improve egg production in laying hen. Previously phenotypic signs have been used to predict high production but later, in modern poultry breeding genetic performances have been developed by biochemical methods. Biochemical polymorphism has a special importance in breeding researches. In order to investigate the relationship between alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and its electrophoretic types with production traits in laying hen, one day old Hyline chicken were used as research materials. Monthly live weights were measured at in randomly selected chicken from April to July. In late July the live weights of 103 chickens, selected for this project, were measured and recorded. Blood were taken from vena cutaneus uînaris to heparinized tubes and ALP activities individually were determined. The average ALP activity were calculated. 50 hens with ALP activity above the average were named as ALP high group, 53 hens with low ALP activity below than average were called as ALP low group. The live weights, egg weights, % egg production were calculated in both groups for 7-9 months and ALP phenotypes were determined. The average ALP activity of 103 hens was 356.43 mU /ml, ALP high and low groups had 406.33 and 309.34 mU /ml average activities, respectively. There were no correlations between ALP activity and live weights and also any statistical importance were not found on egg weights in both groups. But there was a significant statisticalimportance (p< 0.001) between the percent egg production of ALP high group with ALP low group and all flock during peak production ( % 94.70, % 90.69, % 91.65) which was determined in September. There were also statistical importance in egg productions in other months, except July. ALP phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. The frequency of Fast moving type (F) and Slow moving type (S) were calculated. Totally 60 hens with F type (%58.25) and 43 hens with S type (% 41.75) were found. But, in ALP high group % 64 F and % 36 S, in ALP low group % 52.83 F and % 47.17 S frequencies were also determined. There were no correlation between ALP phenotypes and live weights and ALP activity. As conclusions; ALP activity level was an important criteria to obtain high egg productions in laying hen. Any important relationships between ALP phenotypes and production traits were not established. In order to have better egg production, it could be advised to poultry breeders to use hens with high ALP activity for breeding and for selection.
Description
Keywords
Alkali fosfataz ve fenotipleri, Yumurtacı tavuk, Yumurta verimi, Yumurta ağırlığı, Canlı ağırlık, Alkaline phosphatase and phenotypes, Laying hen, Egg production, Egg weight, Live weight
Citation
Gündüz, H. (1997). Yumurtacı tavuklarda plazma alkali fosfataz tipleri ile verim arasındaki ilişkiler. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.