Domates (lycopersicon esculentum mill.)'te embriyo kültürünün kullanım olanakları üzerinde bir araştırma
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Date
1996
Authors
Demirel, Funda
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Domateste embriyo kültürünün kullanılabilirliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada; L. esculentum Mili, türüne ait "Rio Grande", "H 2274", "Tivoli", "Ontario 7710" ve "P. 19" çeşitleri ile L. pimpinellifolium ve L. peruvianum yabani domates türleri kullanılarak karşılıklı (resiprokal) melezlemeler yapılmıştır. L. pimpinellifolium ile yapılan melezlemelerde herhangi bir sorunla karşılaşılmamış, L. pimpinellifolium'm. hem ana hem de baba ebeveyn olduğu melezlemelerden elde edilen 24 gün yaşlı embriyolar izole edilerek farklı iki besin ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Denemeler sonunda, kullanılan ana veya baba ebeveynin, besin ortamının ve bu iki faktör interaksiyonunun "Yaşama Oram" ve "Tam Bitkiye Dönüşüm Oram" m etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Yaşama oram açısından, L. pimpinellifolium hem ana hem de baba ebeveyn olduğunda embriyo kültürüne en iyi tepkiyi Ontario 7710 çeşiti ile yapılan melezlemelerden elde edilen embriyolar vermiştir. Her iki durumda da kullanılan besin ortamı başarıyı etkileyerek DMS ortamının en iyi sonucu verdiği belirlenmiştir. Melezlemede ana veya baba olarak kullanılan çeşit ile ortam arasındaki interaksiyon incelendiğinde ise L. pimpinellifolium baba ebeveyn olduğunda Ontario 7710 x HLH, P.19 x DMS, L. pimpinellifolium ana ebeveyn olduğunda Ontario 7710 x DMS ve yine P. 19 x DMS ortamı kombinasyonlarının en iyi sonucu verdiği saptanmıştır. Tam bitkiye dönüşüm oram açısından L. pimpinellifolium'vLn. hem ana hem de baba ebeveyn olduğu durumlarda Tivoli dışındaki diğer tüm çeşitlerle yapılan melezlemelerden elde edilen embriyolar olumlu tepki göstermiş yine, DMS ortamı yüksek tam bitkiye dönüşüm oranına sahip olmuştur. Kullanılan ana veya baba çeşit ve ortam interaksiyonu da tam bitkiye dönüşüm oranını etkilemiş; L. pimpinellifolium baba ebeveyn olduğunda Ontario 7710, P.19, H 2274 ve Rio Grande çeşitleri ile DMS ortamı arasındaki, L. pimpinellifolium ana ebeveyn olduğunda ise H 2274 hariç yine aynı çeşitler ile DMS ortamı arasındaki interaksiyonlar en iyi sonucu vermiştir. Bu denemelerden elde edilen bitkicikler dış koşullara alıştınldığmda, hemen hemen tüm çeşitlerde %50'nin üzerinde bir adaptasyon oranı elde edilmiştir. L. peruvianum ile yapılan melezlemelerde ise bazı sorunlarla karşılaşılmış; L. peruvianum ana ebeveyn olduğunda unilateral uyuşmazlıktan dolayı meyve elde edilemezken, baba ebeveyn olduğunda meyve elde edilmiş fakat, bu meyvelerde embriyo aborsiyonu meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu tip meyvelerin tozlanmadan sonraki 40. günde dahi izole edilebilecek embriyolara sahip olmadığı görülmüş ve ayrıca, bu tohumlar uygun besin ortamlarına yerleştirildiğinde bile çimlenememiştir. Bu nedenle, L. esculentum x L.peruvianum melezlemelerinde embriyo kültürüne alternatif olarak, embriyo aborsiyonuna uğramış tohumlardan kallus oluşumu yolu ile bitkicik eldesi yoluna gidilmiştir. Bu amaçla yapılan ilk denemede %10 diploid, %5.7 triploid ikinci denemede ise %12.4 diploid, %8.4 triploid bitki oluşumu oranı ile yöntemin ümitvar olduğu belirlenmiştir.
This study was conducted with the aim of determining the utilisation possibility of embryo culture in tomato. Reciprocal crosses were carried out using the tomato (L. esculentum Mill.) cultivars "Rio Grande", "H 2274", "Tivoli", "Ontario 7710", "P.19" and wild tomato species L. pimpinellifolium and L. peruvianum. No problem was encountered with the crosses carried out by using L. pimpinellifolium', 24 days old embryos obtained from the crosses in which L. pimpinellifolium v ^ s used as male or female parent were isolated and cultured oh two different nutrient media. At the end of the trials, the male or female parent used, nutrient medium, and the interaction o f these two factors were determined to affect the "Survival Ratio" and "Whole Plant Forming Ratio". The embryos obtained from the crosses made by using cv. Ontario 7710 gave the best response to embryo culture with respect to survival ratio, either when L. pimpinellifolium was used as male parent or female parent. In both cases, the nutrient medium used affected the success and DMS medium was determined to give the best result. Moreover, when the interaction between cultivar (used as male or female parent) and medium was considered, Ontario 7710 x HLH, P.19 x DMS gave the best result when L. pimpinellifolium was the male parent, and Ontario 7710 x DMS and P.19 x DMS combinations gave the best results when L. pimpinellifolium was the female parent. By the whole plant forming ratio, the embryos obtained from the crosses with all cultivars expect Tivoli gave positive response either when L. pimpinellifolium was used as male parent or female parent, and again DMS medium had a high whole plant forming ratio. The interaction between medium and the male or female parent used also affected the whole plant forming ratio, the interactions between DMS medium and the cultivars Ontario 7710, P.19, H 2274, Rio Grande gave the best result when L. pimpinellifolium was the male parent, and those between DMS medium and the same cultivars except H 2274 gave the best result when L. pimpinellifolvum was the female parent. When the plantlets obtained from these trials were adapted to outdoor conditions, an adaptation ratio over 50% was obtained almost in all cultivars. Some problems were encountered in the crosses with L. peruvianum', no fruits could be obtained when L. peruvianum was the female parent due to unilateral incompatibility, whereas fruits were obtained when this wild species was the male parent, however, the embryos in these fruits were determined to be aborted. This type of fruits were observed to have no embryos to be excised even on the 4 0 ^ day after pollination, and moreover these seeds were not able to germinate even when they were put on suitable nutrient media. Therefore, in L. esculentum x L. peruvianum crosses, attempt was made to obtain plantlets via callus formation from the seeds with aborted embryos as an alternative to embryo culture. This method was determined to be promising with the plantlets formation rates of 10% diploid, 5.7% triploid in the first trial, and 12.4% diploid, 8.4% triploid, in the second.
This study was conducted with the aim of determining the utilisation possibility of embryo culture in tomato. Reciprocal crosses were carried out using the tomato (L. esculentum Mill.) cultivars "Rio Grande", "H 2274", "Tivoli", "Ontario 7710", "P.19" and wild tomato species L. pimpinellifolium and L. peruvianum. No problem was encountered with the crosses carried out by using L. pimpinellifolium', 24 days old embryos obtained from the crosses in which L. pimpinellifolium v ^ s used as male or female parent were isolated and cultured oh two different nutrient media. At the end of the trials, the male or female parent used, nutrient medium, and the interaction o f these two factors were determined to affect the "Survival Ratio" and "Whole Plant Forming Ratio". The embryos obtained from the crosses made by using cv. Ontario 7710 gave the best response to embryo culture with respect to survival ratio, either when L. pimpinellifolium was used as male parent or female parent. In both cases, the nutrient medium used affected the success and DMS medium was determined to give the best result. Moreover, when the interaction between cultivar (used as male or female parent) and medium was considered, Ontario 7710 x HLH, P.19 x DMS gave the best result when L. pimpinellifolium was the male parent, and Ontario 7710 x DMS and P.19 x DMS combinations gave the best results when L. pimpinellifolium was the female parent. By the whole plant forming ratio, the embryos obtained from the crosses with all cultivars expect Tivoli gave positive response either when L. pimpinellifolium was used as male parent or female parent, and again DMS medium had a high whole plant forming ratio. The interaction between medium and the male or female parent used also affected the whole plant forming ratio, the interactions between DMS medium and the cultivars Ontario 7710, P.19, H 2274, Rio Grande gave the best result when L. pimpinellifolium was the male parent, and those between DMS medium and the same cultivars except H 2274 gave the best result when L. pimpinellifolvum was the female parent. When the plantlets obtained from these trials were adapted to outdoor conditions, an adaptation ratio over 50% was obtained almost in all cultivars. Some problems were encountered in the crosses with L. peruvianum', no fruits could be obtained when L. peruvianum was the female parent due to unilateral incompatibility, whereas fruits were obtained when this wild species was the male parent, however, the embryos in these fruits were determined to be aborted. This type of fruits were observed to have no embryos to be excised even on the 4 0 ^ day after pollination, and moreover these seeds were not able to germinate even when they were put on suitable nutrient media. Therefore, in L. esculentum x L. peruvianum crosses, attempt was made to obtain plantlets via callus formation from the seeds with aborted embryos as an alternative to embryo culture. This method was determined to be promising with the plantlets formation rates of 10% diploid, 5.7% triploid in the first trial, and 12.4% diploid, 8.4% triploid, in the second.
Description
Keywords
Domates, Lycopersicon esculentum mili, L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mili, L.peruvianum (L.) Mili, Embriyo kültürü, Kallus kültürü, Türler arası melezleme, Embriyo aborsiyonu, Genotip, Besin ortamı, Tomato, Embryo culture, Callus culture, Interspecific crosses, Embryo abortion, Genotype, Nutrient medium
Citation
Demirel, F. (1996). Domates (lycopersicon esculentum mill.)'te embriyo kültürünün kullanım olanakları üzerinde bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.