Ockhamlı William'ın din felsefesi
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Date
2014
Authors
Bayındır, Ahmet
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Ockhamlı William, teoloji ile doğa bilimlerinin birbirinden ayrı hakikat alanları olduğunu sa-vundu. Bundan dolayı, din felsefesi ile ilgili görüşlerinin merkezine aklı değil, vahyi koymuş-tur. Aslında teizmin kabullerini benimsemesine rağmen, rasyonel bir teolojiye imkân vermez. Çünkü ona göre teoloji bir bilim değildir. Bilim, "kesinlik" içermeyen ihtimali hesaplar peşin-dedir. Nesnesi 'şimdi ve şurada' bulunan şeylerdir. Tanrı, ancak ahirette mü'mine görünür. O'nu açıkça ispat edemeyiz. Nesnelere ait kavramlar bu âlemde soyut ve sezgisel bilgisine sahip olduğumuz "duyum" lardan türeyen şeylerdir. Bu şeylere ait tümeller, töz değildirler. İnsan zihni, eşyaya ait kavramları, birbirine benzerliklerinden dolayı, "ortak isimler" altında toplar. Tanrıya dair söyleyeceğimiz sözler, sadece vahiyden alınabilir. Ahlakın ve inancın kaynağı vahyin kendisidir. Bu anlamda "tabi hukuk'a yer yoktur. Tanrı her şeye gücü yeten "kadiri-i mutlak" ve "âlim-i mutlak" tır. O'nun bu kudreti, özgür iradenin gerçekleşmesine mani değildir. O, dilediğini ödüllendirir dünyada iken suçlu da olsa; dilediğini de cezalandı-rır, dünyadayken suçsuz da olsa. Bu o kadar böyledir ki, Tanrı, İsa'nın bedeninde değil de bir köpeğin bedeninde de gelebilirdi. Akıl, bu sırları anlayamaz.
William of Ockham advocated that theology and natural sciences are separate fields of truth. Therefore he placed revelation, not reason, at the center of his thoughts in the philosophy of religion. Despite the fact that he adopted the assumptions of theism, he did not accept the possibility of a rational theology, for he did not see theology as a science. Science, as for him, is in pursuit of probability estimation that is not certain. Its objects are things which are "here and now". On the other hand God could be seen by faithful in the Hereafter. Concepts of objects are derived from "senses" that we have abstract and intuitive knowledge in this world. The universals belong to them are not substance. Human mind classifies the concepts because of their similarities under "common names". Whatever we say about God depends on revelation. The source of morality and faith is revelation itself. In this sense, "natural law" has no place. God is Omnipotent and Omniscient. But his might is no obstacle to the realiza-tion of free will. He rewards whoever he wishes even though he/she is guilty, and also pun-ishes even though he/she is innocent. This is so that, God could come in the body of a dog, not in the body of Christ. Mind cannot understand these secrets.
William of Ockham advocated that theology and natural sciences are separate fields of truth. Therefore he placed revelation, not reason, at the center of his thoughts in the philosophy of religion. Despite the fact that he adopted the assumptions of theism, he did not accept the possibility of a rational theology, for he did not see theology as a science. Science, as for him, is in pursuit of probability estimation that is not certain. Its objects are things which are "here and now". On the other hand God could be seen by faithful in the Hereafter. Concepts of objects are derived from "senses" that we have abstract and intuitive knowledge in this world. The universals belong to them are not substance. Human mind classifies the concepts because of their similarities under "common names". Whatever we say about God depends on revelation. The source of morality and faith is revelation itself. In this sense, "natural law" has no place. God is Omnipotent and Omniscient. But his might is no obstacle to the realiza-tion of free will. He rewards whoever he wishes even though he/she is guilty, and also pun-ishes even though he/she is innocent. This is so that, God could come in the body of a dog, not in the body of Christ. Mind cannot understand these secrets.
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Keywords
Ochamlı William, Din felsefesi, Tanrı, Tümel, Nominalizm, Fideizm, Özgür irade, Kadir-i Mutlak, William of Ockham, Philosophy of religion, God, Universal, Nominalism, Fideism, Free will, Omnipotent
Citation
Bayındır, A. (2014). Ockhamlı William'ın din felsefesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.