Triploid melez şekerpancarı tohumluğu üretme olanağı üzerine araştırmalar
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Date
1999-03-19
Authors
Öz, Mehmet
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, Mustafakemalpaşa ekolojik koşullarında hibrid şekerpancarı tohum üretim olanaklarını araştırmak ve elde edilen deneysel hibridlerin kök gövdesi verimi ve bazı özelliklerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. İki yıllık araştırma sonuçlarına göre, silolanmamış şekerpancarlarından alınan bitki başına ve dekara tohum verimleri 32.7 g ve 102.1 kg/da, silolanmışiarda 22.7g ve 70.9 kg/da olmuştur. Çimlenme ve sürme oranlan (%63.1 ve % 49.1) silolanmamışlarda, 1000 dane ağırlığı (19.1 g) ise silolanmışiarda en yüksek saptanmıştır. Diploid şekerpancarlarında aneuploid kromozomlu bitkilere rastlanmamış olup, aneuploid oranlan triploidlerde %8.0-14.0, tetraploidlerde %20.0-30.0 olmuştur. Elde edilen deneysel hibridlerin kök gövdesi verimleri 5883-1 1490 kg/da, baş+yaprak veri-mleri 1919-4388 kg/da arasında değişirken bu iki özellik bakımından triploid M01 40X001 melezi en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. Şeker oranları %1 1.67-14.86, şeker verimleri 713-1577 kg/da arasında saptanmış iken zararlı azot oranları binde (%o) 61-84 arasında değişmiştir. Diploid x tetraploid kombinasyonlarından elde edilen triploid melezler kök gövdesi, baş+yaprak ve şeker verimi bakımından daha üstün olmuştur. Ebeveyn olarak kullanılan CMS ve restorer hatların genel, melezlerin ise özel uyum yeteneği etkileri de incelenmiştir. Genel uyum yeteneği CMS hatlarda kök gövdesi verimi, şeker oranı ve şeker verimi, restorer hatlarda kök gövdesi verimi ve baş+yaprak verimi için; özel uyum yetenekleri ise kök gövdesi verimi, baş+yaprak verimi, şeker oranı ve şeker verimi için önemli bulunmuştur. Ortalama heterosis oranları kök gövdesi veriminde %37.5, baş+yaprak veriminde %33.7, şeker oranında %3.5, şeker veriminde %40.5 ve zararlı azot oranında %-4.4 olarak saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre, Mustafakemalpaşa koşullarında şekerpancarı tohumu üretimi için silolama işlemine gerek olmadığı, triploidlerin daha yüksek verim ve kalite özelliklerine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
Studies on the Triploid and Diploid Hybrid Seed Production in Sugarbeets This research was conducted to determine the possible hybrid sugarbeet seed production in Mustafakemalpaşa ecological conditions and to compare root yield and some agronomic characteristic of experimental hybrids obtained from study. According to two-year results, seed yield per plant and seed yield per decare were 32.7 g and 102.1 kg/da at unstored (direct) sugarbeets respectively while it was 22.7 g and 70.9 kg/da at stored (indirect) sugarbeets. Germination and emergence rates (%63.1 and %49.1) were the highest at unstored sugarbeet while 1000 seed weight (19.1 g ) was the highest at stored sugarbeet. No aneuploid plant was found in diploid plants, the range of aneuploid rate is 8.0-14.0% at triploids and is 20-30% at tetraploids. The root yield, head+leaf yield of the experimental hybrids obtained from study ranged from 5883 to 11490 kg/da and from 1919 to 4388 kg/da respectively while M01 40x001 hybrid gave the highest value in terms of these two characteristics. Sucrose rate and sucrose yield varied from 11.67% to 14.86% and from 713 to 1577 kg/da respectively, while noxious nitrogen rates was found between 61 %o to and 84%o. The lines obtained from diploid x tetraploid combinations were superior for root, head+leaf and sucrose yields. General combining abilities of CMS and restorer parents and spesific combining abilities hybrids were also examined. General combining abilities were found significant in terms of root yield, sucrose rate, sucrose yield at CMS line, root yield and head+leaf yield at restorer line, while root yield, head+leaf yield, sucrose rate and sucrose yield were significantly in terms of spesific combining ability at hybribds. The mean heterosis rates were 37.5% for yield, 33.7% for head+leaf, 3.5% for sucrose rate, 40.5% for sucrose yield and -4.4% for noxious nitrogen. It was showed that it is unnecessary to store sugarbeet for seed production and triploids have higher yields and quality characteristics than other at Mustafakemalpaşa conditions.
Studies on the Triploid and Diploid Hybrid Seed Production in Sugarbeets This research was conducted to determine the possible hybrid sugarbeet seed production in Mustafakemalpaşa ecological conditions and to compare root yield and some agronomic characteristic of experimental hybrids obtained from study. According to two-year results, seed yield per plant and seed yield per decare were 32.7 g and 102.1 kg/da at unstored (direct) sugarbeets respectively while it was 22.7 g and 70.9 kg/da at stored (indirect) sugarbeets. Germination and emergence rates (%63.1 and %49.1) were the highest at unstored sugarbeet while 1000 seed weight (19.1 g ) was the highest at stored sugarbeet. No aneuploid plant was found in diploid plants, the range of aneuploid rate is 8.0-14.0% at triploids and is 20-30% at tetraploids. The root yield, head+leaf yield of the experimental hybrids obtained from study ranged from 5883 to 11490 kg/da and from 1919 to 4388 kg/da respectively while M01 40x001 hybrid gave the highest value in terms of these two characteristics. Sucrose rate and sucrose yield varied from 11.67% to 14.86% and from 713 to 1577 kg/da respectively, while noxious nitrogen rates was found between 61 %o to and 84%o. The lines obtained from diploid x tetraploid combinations were superior for root, head+leaf and sucrose yields. General combining abilities of CMS and restorer parents and spesific combining abilities hybrids were also examined. General combining abilities were found significant in terms of root yield, sucrose rate, sucrose yield at CMS line, root yield and head+leaf yield at restorer line, while root yield, head+leaf yield, sucrose rate and sucrose yield were significantly in terms of spesific combining ability at hybribds. The mean heterosis rates were 37.5% for yield, 33.7% for head+leaf, 3.5% for sucrose rate, 40.5% for sucrose yield and -4.4% for noxious nitrogen. It was showed that it is unnecessary to store sugarbeet for seed production and triploids have higher yields and quality characteristics than other at Mustafakemalpaşa conditions.
Description
Keywords
Kök, Root, Seeds, Tohumlar, Triploid, Şeker pancarı, Sugar beet
Citation
Öz, M. (1999). Triploid melez şekerpancarı tohumluğu üretme olanağı üzerine araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.