Kur'an'da yer alan hukuksal amaçlar (ilk beş sure)
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Date
2007
Authors
Bilgin, Ömer Şerif
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Allah’tan aldığını bildirerek insanlığa sunduğu Kur’an’ın amaçlarını en iyi bilen kişinin Hz. Muhammed olduğu kesindir. Kur’an dışında O’na gelen ve İslâm dinine ışık tutan vahiylerin, Kur’an gibi kesin (mütevatir) olmadığı bilinmektedir. Eğer gerek duyulsaydı, bunlar da Kur’an gibi korunabilirdi. Bizce, buna gerek duyulmamasının sebebi, İslâm’ın değişmez güçlü ana amaçları ile gelişmeye açık değişken araç hükümlerinin tümüyle Kur’an’da var olmasıdır. İnsanın, aklını ve bilimi kullanarak bu güçlü ana amaçlar ışığında, Kur’an’daki doğru yolu bulabileceği kabul edilmiş olmalı ki; tek hidayet kaynağı olarak Kur’an’ın koruma altına alındığı yine Kur’an’da belirtilmiş bulunmaktadır. İşte bu mesaja uyularak bu çalışmada, Kur’an’daki değişmez ve güçlü ana amaçların hukuksal olanları, sadece Kur’an metinlerine dayanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Birinci bölümde, Kur’an metinlerinin insanlığın anlamasına sunulmuş olduğu dikkate alınarak, bunları oluşturan sözcük, kavram sözcük, sözce ve tümcelerin bilimsel veriler çerçevesinde doğru anlaşılabilmeleri ve amaçlarının doğru olarak belirlenebilmesi için gerekli bilgilerin neler olduğu, bilgi teorisi, anlambilim ve mantık bilimi verileri çerçevesinde özet olarak verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, hukuk bilimi ile İslâm hukukundaki hukuksal amaç kavramı ele alınarak, hukuk kurallarının yapımında dikkate alınan ve hukukun amaçlarını içeren “olması gereken hukukun” ne olduğu ve “olan hukuk”un gelişme yönündeki değişimi ile yorumlanması ve kamu yararına yönelik amaçlarının belirlenmesinde, hukuk biliminden nasıl yararlanılabileceği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise, Kur’an ve sünnet metinlerinin yorumlanmasında kullanılan yöntemlerin yetersizlikleri ve amaçların belirlenmesinde yeterli olamayacakları ortaya konmuş ve Kur’an’daki amaçların belirlenmesinde yardımcı olacağı düşünülen bazı kavramlara yer verilmiştir. Aynı bölümde Kur’an ve sünnet metinlerinin yorumu ile amaçlarının belirlenmesinde etkin olacağı düşünülen, “Bilimsel Bütünsel Amaçsal Yorum Metodu” ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Üçüncü ve son bölümde, bu metot kullanılarak, Kur’an’ın ilk beş sûresinde yer alan hukuksal amaçlar, ayet sıralarına göre belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
It is clear that Prophet Mohammed is the person who knows best about the aims of Quran, which he offered humankind, announcing that he received it from Allah. It is wellknown that revelations to him which were originated from something else but Quran, and which provided information about the İslamic religion, are not as clear as (not generally admitted) Quran. If it is taken as a requirement all those revelations could be kept like Quran. In our opinion, the reason why they do not require it, is the fact that the immutable, strongly based aims and the changeable judgements, used as means, of İslam completely exit in Quran. It must have been approved that humanbeing englightened about those strongly based aims could find out the right path using science and his mind: It has been stated again in Quran as the only sources of salvation Quran has been under protection. In accordence with the message here the legal ones of immutable and strongly based aims in Quran are tried to be determined merely on the basis of texts in Quran. In chapter one, regarding the notions essential to make people gather words, conceptual words, utterances and sentences involving those texts with the frame of scientific data and to determine the aims of them truly, are tried to be explained in short with the frame of epistemological semantic and logical data. In addition, considering the concept of legal aim both in science of law and İslamic jurısprudence, what the “low essential to be” which is dealt with while making rules of law and which contains aims of law, about comments on developing change of “current law” and about establishing its aims inclined to public utility, and how to benefit from science of law are tried to be visible. In chapter two, it makes clear that the methods which are used commenting texts of Quran and Sunnah are insufficient and not sufficient for establishing the aims. Also some concepts which are thought to be useful for establishing aims in Quran are engaged. In the same chapter, it is tried to make “Scientific Holistic Purposeful Comment Method” clear which is thought to be effective both on commenting texts of Quran and Sunnah and establishing their aims. In the third and the final chapter, by this method the legal aims included in five suras in the beinging of Quran are tried to be made clear according to the order of verses.
It is clear that Prophet Mohammed is the person who knows best about the aims of Quran, which he offered humankind, announcing that he received it from Allah. It is wellknown that revelations to him which were originated from something else but Quran, and which provided information about the İslamic religion, are not as clear as (not generally admitted) Quran. If it is taken as a requirement all those revelations could be kept like Quran. In our opinion, the reason why they do not require it, is the fact that the immutable, strongly based aims and the changeable judgements, used as means, of İslam completely exit in Quran. It must have been approved that humanbeing englightened about those strongly based aims could find out the right path using science and his mind: It has been stated again in Quran as the only sources of salvation Quran has been under protection. In accordence with the message here the legal ones of immutable and strongly based aims in Quran are tried to be determined merely on the basis of texts in Quran. In chapter one, regarding the notions essential to make people gather words, conceptual words, utterances and sentences involving those texts with the frame of scientific data and to determine the aims of them truly, are tried to be explained in short with the frame of epistemological semantic and logical data. In addition, considering the concept of legal aim both in science of law and İslamic jurısprudence, what the “low essential to be” which is dealt with while making rules of law and which contains aims of law, about comments on developing change of “current law” and about establishing its aims inclined to public utility, and how to benefit from science of law are tried to be visible. In chapter two, it makes clear that the methods which are used commenting texts of Quran and Sunnah are insufficient and not sufficient for establishing the aims. Also some concepts which are thought to be useful for establishing aims in Quran are engaged. In the same chapter, it is tried to make “Scientific Holistic Purposeful Comment Method” clear which is thought to be effective both on commenting texts of Quran and Sunnah and establishing their aims. In the third and the final chapter, by this method the legal aims included in five suras in the beinging of Quran are tried to be made clear according to the order of verses.
Description
Keywords
Hukuksal araç, Gelişme, Hukuksal amaç, Yorum, Bilimsellik, Bütünsellik, Amaçsallık, Legal tool, Development, Legal aim, Comment, Scientificism, Holisticism, Purposefulness
Citation
Bilgin, Ö. Ş. (2007). Kur'an'da yer alan hukuksal amaçlar (ilk beş sure). Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.