Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.)’in yetimlerle ilişkisi
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Date
2021-08-24
Authors
Şaka, Fuat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Cahiliye Döneminde meydana gelen kabile savaşlarıyla birlikte uzun yıllar süren kan davalarında çok sayıda çocuk yetim kalmıştır. Bu dönemde özellikle Arabistan yarımadasında kız çocuklarına, kimsesiz çocuklara ve yetimlere miras hakkı tanınmaz, ailelerinden kalan mal kendilerine verilmezdi. Aynı zamanda toplum içerisinde yetimlere değer verilmez ve mağdur edilirlerdi. İslâmiyet’in gelmesiyle birlikte yetimlerle ilgili pek çok kötü muamele düzeltilmiştir. Nitekim Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de yetimler hakkında yaklaşık yirmi iki ayet nazil olmuş ve yetimlere iyi davranılması emredilmiştir. Mekke devrinin ilk günlerinde nazil olan bir ayette Allahü Teâlâ, Hz. Peygamber’e (s.a.s.) hitaben: “Rabbin seni yetim bulup da barındırmadı mı?” ayetiyle elçisinin yalnız olmadığını bildirmiş ve devamında yetimlerin üzülmemesine dair tembihte bulunmuştur. Hz. Peygamber de (s.a.s.) yetim büyümüş bir Peygamber olarak ömrünün sonuna kadar yetimlere iyi davranmış ve pek çok yetimi evinde barındırmıştır. Bunlar arasında üvey çocukları, yetim kalmış çocuklar ve kimsesiz çocuklar bulunmaktaydı. Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de yetimlere dair temel prensipler getirilmiş, Hz. Peygamber de (s.a.s.) bu prensipler çerçevesinde yetimlere yönelik pek çok tavsiyede bulunmuştur. Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.s.) yetimler hususunda Sahâbesine ve Müslümanlara tavsiye ettiği konular arasında, yetimlere kötü davranılmaması, onlara sahip çıkılması, muhtaç durumdaki yetimlerin bakımının üstlenilmesi, onların maddi bakımdan desteklenerek hayat şartlarının düzeltilmesi gibi pek çok ölçü bulunmaktaydı.
Along with the tribal wars that took place in the period of ignorance, many children became orphans as a result of long years of blood feuds. In this period, especially in the Arabian peninsula, girls and orphans were not given the right of inheritance and they were not given property inherited from their families. At the same time, orphans were not valued in society and they were not given the right to life. With the advent of Islam, many mistreatments of orphans were corrected. As a matter of fact, about twenty-two verses about orphans were revealed in the Qur'an and it was ordered to treat orphans well. In a verse that was revealed in the first days of the Meccan period, Allah Almighty said addressing the Prophet Muhammed : "Didn't your Lord find you an orphan and shelter you?" He stated that his messenger was not alone with the verse , and then he admonished the orphans not to grieve. As a Prophet who grew up orphaned in Muhammad, he treated orphans well and sheltered many orphans in his home until the end of his life. Among them were stepchildren and orphaned children. The basic principles regarding orphans are stated in the Qur'an, and within the framework of these principles, the Prophet Muhammad made many recommendations for orphans. Among the issues that Muhammad recommended to his companions and Muslims about orphans, there were many criteria such as not treating orphans badly, taking care of them, taking care of orphans in need, and improving their living conditions by supporting them financially.
Along with the tribal wars that took place in the period of ignorance, many children became orphans as a result of long years of blood feuds. In this period, especially in the Arabian peninsula, girls and orphans were not given the right of inheritance and they were not given property inherited from their families. At the same time, orphans were not valued in society and they were not given the right to life. With the advent of Islam, many mistreatments of orphans were corrected. As a matter of fact, about twenty-two verses about orphans were revealed in the Qur'an and it was ordered to treat orphans well. In a verse that was revealed in the first days of the Meccan period, Allah Almighty said addressing the Prophet Muhammed : "Didn't your Lord find you an orphan and shelter you?" He stated that his messenger was not alone with the verse , and then he admonished the orphans not to grieve. As a Prophet who grew up orphaned in Muhammad, he treated orphans well and sheltered many orphans in his home until the end of his life. Among them were stepchildren and orphaned children. The basic principles regarding orphans are stated in the Qur'an, and within the framework of these principles, the Prophet Muhammad made many recommendations for orphans. Among the issues that Muhammad recommended to his companions and Muslims about orphans, there were many criteria such as not treating orphans badly, taking care of them, taking care of orphans in need, and improving their living conditions by supporting them financially.
Description
Keywords
Yetim, Cahiliye, Hz. Peygamber, Himaye, Barınma, Islah, Sadaka, Orphan, Jahiliyyah, The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Protection, Shelter, Reclamation, Charity
Citation
Şaka, F. (2021). Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.)’in yetimlerle ilişkisi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.