Mozaikler ışığında Villa Rustika
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Date
2019-10-02
Authors
Kılıç, Gurbet
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Tarım, insanlığın yerleşik hayata geçmesi ile başlayıp çağlar boyu önemini yitirmeden ve ihtiyaç dahilinde şekillenerek bugüne kadar süre gelen en önemli geçim kaynakları arasındadır. Tarım ve akabinde yerleşik hayata geçilmesi barınma gibi temel bir ihtiyacın daha da şekillenmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Teknolojinin ilerlemesi ve üretimin şekillenmesi ile önceleri çobanların saz kamıştan yaptıkları kulübeler ile çıkan yapı tipi kırsal alanlarda zaman içinde ev tipi mimariye dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Üretim talebinin artması ve üretimin şekillenmesi, mahsullerin saklanması ve korunması gibi önemli unsurları da gündeme getirmiş, önceleri basit bir mimariye sahipken zaman içinde silo, ambar, ahır gibi önemli bölümlerin eklenmesi ile kompleks halini alan çiftlik yerleşimleri doğmaya başlamıştır. İnsanlığın zaman içinde şehir hayatındaki tüm imkanları ve lüksü kırsala taşıma isteği özellikle Roma Dönemiyle birlikte cumhuriyetin sonlarına doğru büyük malikanelere dönüşen villa rustika mimarisini almış, İmparatorluğun hemen hemen tüm bölgelerine yayılmıştır. Özellikle pastoral yaşamın canlandırıldığı sahnelerde karşılaşılan villa rustika mimarisinin en sade örneklerinden en gösterişli örneklerini Roma'nın Kuzey Suriye ve Kuzey Afrika bölgelerinde mozaik sanatında önemli ölçüde yer verildiği görülmektedir. İlk örnekleri İS 2. yüzyıl itibariyle görülen yoğunluğu ise İS 4-6. yüzyılda olan mozaikler üzerindeki villa rustikalar önemli bir görsel arkeolojik kanıttır.
Agriculture is one of the most important sources of livelihood that has started with the settled life of humanity and has been continuing without losing its importance for ages and shaped by necessity. Agriculture and then transition to settled life paved the way for further shaping of a basic need such as housing. With the advancement of technology and the shaping of production, the building type, which initially emerged with huts made by shepherds from reeds, began to turn into home-style architecture in rural areas. Increasing demand for production and shaping of production, storage, and protection of crops have also brought up essential elements. In the past, while having a simple architecture, over time, the farm settlements became complex with the addition of important parts such as a silo, storage, and barn. The desire of humankind to move all the opportunities and luxury of the city life to the countryside in time led to the formation of the villa rustica architecture which turned into large mansions towards the end of the Republic especially with the Roman Period. And this architecture was spread to almost all parts of the Empire. The most straightforward and most spectacular examples of villa rustica architecture, which especially encountered in scenes from which the pastoral life is depicted, have an essential place in the mosaic art of the provinces of North Syria and North Africa of Rome. Villa rustica depictions on mosaics, which of the first samples seen in the 2nd century AD and the density was in 4th-6th century AD, are an important visual archaeological evidence.
Agriculture is one of the most important sources of livelihood that has started with the settled life of humanity and has been continuing without losing its importance for ages and shaped by necessity. Agriculture and then transition to settled life paved the way for further shaping of a basic need such as housing. With the advancement of technology and the shaping of production, the building type, which initially emerged with huts made by shepherds from reeds, began to turn into home-style architecture in rural areas. Increasing demand for production and shaping of production, storage, and protection of crops have also brought up essential elements. In the past, while having a simple architecture, over time, the farm settlements became complex with the addition of important parts such as a silo, storage, and barn. The desire of humankind to move all the opportunities and luxury of the city life to the countryside in time led to the formation of the villa rustica architecture which turned into large mansions towards the end of the Republic especially with the Roman Period. And this architecture was spread to almost all parts of the Empire. The most straightforward and most spectacular examples of villa rustica architecture, which especially encountered in scenes from which the pastoral life is depicted, have an essential place in the mosaic art of the provinces of North Syria and North Africa of Rome. Villa rustica depictions on mosaics, which of the first samples seen in the 2nd century AD and the density was in 4th-6th century AD, are an important visual archaeological evidence.
Description
Keywords
Roma dönemi, Çiftlik villası, Mozaik, Mimari, Tarım, Kırsal yerleşim, Villa rustika, Roman period, Farmhouses, Mosaic, Architecture, Agriculture, Rural settlement
Citation
Kılıç, G. (2019). Mozaikler ışığında Villa Rustika. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.