İslam kültüründe seyahat ve Endülüslü Seyyah İbn Cübeyr'in hac yolculuğu
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Date
2019-09-25
Authors
Çankaya, Şeyma
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı İslam geleneğinde seyahatin yerini anlamak ve 12. yüzyılın öncü ve meşhur seyyahlarından olan İbn Cübeyr ismiyle tanınan Ebu'l Hasan Muhammad b. Ahmed İbn Jubayr al-Kinani'nin "Rihletü İbn Cübeyr" adlı seyahatnamesi üzerinden bir inceleme yapmaktır. İbn Cübeyr, Hac ibadetini gerçekleştirme niyetiyle Endülüs Gırnata'dan uzun bir yolculuğa çıkmış ve gidiş-dönüş rotasında Kuzey Afrika, Levand (Şam), Arap Yarımadası bölgelerindeki bir çok şehri ziyaret etmiştir. Arapça "seyh" kelime kökünden türeyen seyahat kavramı, genel olarak yürümek, ibadet etme amacıyla yeryüzünde dolaşmak ya da uzun yolculuk şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. İslam geleneğinde önemli bir yere sahip olan seyahat, erken dönemlerden bu yana önemini ve varlığını sürdürmüştür. Hac, ilim talebi, dilbilim çalışmaları ve coğrafi araştırmalar gibi birçok amaç için seyahatler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu nedenle, seyahatname veya "Rihle" kavramı, erken İslami dönemden bu yana, seyyahların dünya görüşleriyle zenginleştirilmiş gerçek seyahat tecrübelerinin yazılmasıyla oluşmuş ve geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucu, seyahatin İslam kültüründeki önemini göstermektedir. İslam'ın seyahati teşvik etmesi, Allah'ın insanlardan yeryüzünde yaratmış olduklarını vi görüp bunlar üzerine düşünmesini istemesi, hac ibadeti, çağın gereklilikleri gibi belli başlı motive sebepleri insanları hep seyahat etmeye yönlendirmiştir. Bu sebeple de tarih sahnesinde pek çok Müslüman seyyaha rastlanmaktadır. Rihletü İbn Cübeyr, seyyahın zamanının çoğunu geçirdiği kutsal topraklar Mekke ve Medine ve başlıca İslam merkezleri olan Şam, Irak ve Hicaz gibi yerler ile ilgili tarihi, sosyolojik, kültürel ve mimari bilgiler içerdiği için son derece yüksek tarihi bir değere sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, Hristiyan yönetimi altındaki Sur, Akka ve Sicilya'yı ziyareti, oralardaki sosyopolitik durumu ve kültürel bakış açısını ortaya koyması ve Müslüman-Hıristiyan ilişkilerini Müslüman bir gözlemci olarak anlatması onu önemli ve seçkin kılan faktörler arasındadır.
The aim of this study is to understand the place of travel in Islamic tradition and to make a study through the book "The Travel of Ibn Jubayr" which was written by one of the pioneers and famous travellers of the 12th century, Abu'l Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Jubayr al-Kinani whose widely known as Ibn Jubayr. On the purpose of Hajj, starting from Granada in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), Ibn Jubayr made a long journey travelling to many cities in North Africa, Levand (Damascus), Arabian Peninsula on his round trip route. The concept of "Seyh" deriving from the Arabic root is generally defined as walking, travelling on the purpose of worship on the earth, or long journeying. Travel, which has an important place in Islam, has always maintained its importance and existence since the early periods. Many travels have been made for many purposes such as Hajj, demand for knowledge, linguistic studies and geographical researches. Moreover, the concept of travel book or "Rihlah" has been formed and developed since the early Islamic period through writings which are authentic travel experiences enriched with the worldview of the travelers. viii The result of this study shows us the importance of travel in Islamic culture. Certain reasons such as Islam's encouragement to travel, the wish of Allah from man to see what Allah has created on earth and to think about the cerated things, Hajj, the necessities of the age, have led people to travel. A great many Muslim travellers can be seen on the stage of history due to these reasons. "The Travel of Ibn Jubayr" has a highly historical value as it contains historical, sociological, cultural and architectural information about the holy lands of Mecca and Medina where he spent most of his time and the main Islamic centers such as Damascus, Iraq and Hijaz. Furthermore, his visiting to Sur, Acre and Sicily which were under the Christian rule, his description of socio-political situation and cultural perspective there and his explanation of MuslimChrsitian relations as a Muslim observer and narrator are among the factors that make him important and outstanding.
The aim of this study is to understand the place of travel in Islamic tradition and to make a study through the book "The Travel of Ibn Jubayr" which was written by one of the pioneers and famous travellers of the 12th century, Abu'l Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Jubayr al-Kinani whose widely known as Ibn Jubayr. On the purpose of Hajj, starting from Granada in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), Ibn Jubayr made a long journey travelling to many cities in North Africa, Levand (Damascus), Arabian Peninsula on his round trip route. The concept of "Seyh" deriving from the Arabic root is generally defined as walking, travelling on the purpose of worship on the earth, or long journeying. Travel, which has an important place in Islam, has always maintained its importance and existence since the early periods. Many travels have been made for many purposes such as Hajj, demand for knowledge, linguistic studies and geographical researches. Moreover, the concept of travel book or "Rihlah" has been formed and developed since the early Islamic period through writings which are authentic travel experiences enriched with the worldview of the travelers. viii The result of this study shows us the importance of travel in Islamic culture. Certain reasons such as Islam's encouragement to travel, the wish of Allah from man to see what Allah has created on earth and to think about the cerated things, Hajj, the necessities of the age, have led people to travel. A great many Muslim travellers can be seen on the stage of history due to these reasons. "The Travel of Ibn Jubayr" has a highly historical value as it contains historical, sociological, cultural and architectural information about the holy lands of Mecca and Medina where he spent most of his time and the main Islamic centers such as Damascus, Iraq and Hijaz. Furthermore, his visiting to Sur, Acre and Sicily which were under the Christian rule, his description of socio-political situation and cultural perspective there and his explanation of MuslimChrsitian relations as a Muslim observer and narrator are among the factors that make him important and outstanding.
Description
Keywords
Seyahat, Rihle, Seyyah, Seyahatname, İbn cübeyr, Rihletü ibn cübeyr, Travel, Rihlah, Traveler, Travel book, Ibn Jubayr, The travel of ibn jubayr
Citation
Çankaya, Ş. (2019). İslam kültüründe seyahat ve Endülüslü Seyyah İbn Cübeyr'in hac yolculuğu. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.