Rubio, Camila PeresTanaka, RyouKoch, JorgenCeron, Jose Joaquin2023-01-232023-01-232020-11-10Rubio, C. P. vd. (2020). "Changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of heart failure". BMC Veterinary Research, 16(1).1746-6148https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02650-7https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-020-02650-7http://hdl.handle.net/11452/30600BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is associated with changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of a panel of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of HF and its relation with the severity of the disease and echocardiographic changes. A total of 29 dogs with HF as a result of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration or dilated cardiomyopathy were included and classified as stage-A (healthy), B (asymptomatic dogs), C (symptomatic dogs) and D (dogs with end-stage HF) according to the ACVIM staging system. In these dogs an ecnhocardiographic examination was performed and cytokines, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in serum.ResultsKC-like was significantly increased in dogs of stage-C (P<0.01) and -D (P<0.05) compared with stage-A and -B. Stage-D dogs showed significantly higher serum CRP and Hp (P<0.05) but lower serum antioxidant capacity (PON1, TEAC, CUPRAC, and thiol) compared to stage-A and -B (P<0.05). After the treatment, serum levels of CRP, Hp and KC-like decreased and serum antioxidant levels increased compared to their pre-treatment values. Left ventricular dimension and LA/Ao ratio correlated positively with CRP, MCP-1, and KC-like but negatively with PON1, GM-CSF, IL-7 and antioxidant biomarkers (P<0.01).ConclusionOur results showed that dogs with advanced HF show increases in positive acute-phase proteins and selected inflammatory cytokines such as KC-like, and decreases in antioxidant biomarkers, indicating that inflammation and oxidative stress act as collaborative partners in the pathogenesis of HF. Some of these biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress could have the potential to be biomarkers to monitor the severity of the disease and the effect of treatment.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessVeterinary sciencesCytokinesChemokinesInflammationOxidative stressHeart failureDogsMitral-valve diseaseTotal antioxidant capacityProtein concentrationsSystemic inflammationParaoxonase 1Left atrialSerumCytokinesMarkersVolumeAnimalsAntioxidantsBiomarkersCardiomyopathiesCytokinesDog diseasesDogsEchocardiographyFemaleHeart failureHeart valve diseasesInflammationMaleMitral valveOxidative stressArticle0005907133000042-s2.0-8509570334616133167963Veterinary sciencesPimobendan; Mitral Valve Disease; Cavalier King Charles SpanielAntioxidantAryldialkylphosphatase 1BilirubinBiological markerC reactive proteinCholinesteraseDigoxinDiltiazemEnalaprilFerritinFurosemideGamma interferonGamma interferon inducible protein 10Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factorHaptoglobinInterleukin 10Interleukin 15Interleukin 18Interleukin 2Interleukin 6Interleukin 7Interleukin 8Keratinocyte derived chemokineMonocyte chemotactic protein 1PimobendanSpironolactoneThiazide diuretic agentTorasemideTroponin ITumor necrosis factorAntioxidantBiological markerCytokineABTS radical scavenging assayAnimal experimentAntioxidant assayArticleCongestive cardiomyopathyControlled studyCorrelation analysisDogEchocardiographyFemaleHeart failureHeart ventricle remodelingImmunoturbidimetryInflammationMaleNonhumanOxidative stressThorax radiographyTrolox equivalent antioxidant capacityUrea nitrogen blood levelAnimalBloodCardiomyopathyDogDog diseaseHeart failureInflammationMitral valvePathologyValvular heart diseaseVeterinary medicine