Levendusky, Mark C.Hamilton, Jacob R.Millington, William2021-09-092021-09-092006-01-13Göktalay, G. vd. (2006). ''Glycyl-glutamine inhibits nicotine conditioned place preference and withdrawal''. European Journal of Pharmacology, 530(1-2), 95-102.0014-29991879-0712https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.034https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299905012203http://hdl.handle.net/11452/21798Glycyl-glutamine (Gly-Gln) is an inhibitory dipeptide synthesized from beta-endorphin(1-31). Previously, we showed that Gly-Gln inhibits morphine conditioned place preference, tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. In this study, we tested whether Gly-Gln's inhibitory activity extends to other rewarding drugs, specifically nicotine. Rats were conditioned with nicotine (0.6 mg/kg, s.c.) for four days and tested on day five. Glycyl-glutamine (100 nmol i.c.v.) inhibited acquisition and expression of a nicotine place preference significantly. Cyclo(Gly-Gln) (100 nmol i.c.v. or 25 mg/kg i.p.), a cyclic Gly-Gln derivative, blocked expression of nicotine place preference but Gly-D-Gln (100 nmol i.c.v.) was ineffective. To study nicotine withdrawal, rats were treated with nicotine (9 mg/kg/day) for seven days and conditioned place aversion was induced with mecamylamine (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Glycyl-glutamine blocked acquisition of place aversion to mecamylamine but not U50,488, a kappa opioid receptor agonist. Glycyl-glutamine thus inhibits the rewarding effects of nicotine and attenuates withdrawal in nicotine dependent rats.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessPharmacology & pharmacyConditioned place preferencePro-opiomelanocortinDipeptideBeta-endorphinNicotineOpioidNaloxoneDependenceReceptorSmokingNaltrexoneCyclic dipeptidesOligopeptide transporterCardiorespiratory depressionBeta-endorphinNaturally-occurring antagonistArticle0002347047000132-s2.0-29844452534951025301-216364288Pharmacology & pharmacyAging; Amoxicillin; Contractility Invitro