Serter Kocaoğlu, Sema2022-12-222022-12-222020-09-07Yurtseven, D. G. vd. (2020). "Immunohistochemical evidence for glutamatergic regulation of nesfatin-1 neurons in the rat hypothalamus". Brain Sciences, 10(9).2076-3425https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090630https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/630http://hdl.handle.net/11452/30041Nesfatin-1, identified as an anorexigenic peptide, regulates the energy metabolism by suppressing food intake. The majority of nesfatin-1-synthesizing neurons are concentrated in various hypothalamic nuclei, especially in the supraoptic (SON), arcuate (ARC) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN). We tested the hypothesis that the glutamatergic system regulates nesfatin-1 neurons through glutamate receptors. Therefore, the first aim of the proposed studies was to examine effects of different glutamate agonists in the activation of nesfatin-1 neurons using c-Fos double immunohistochemical labeling. Experimental groups were formed containing male and female rats which received intraperitoneal injections of glutamate agonists kainic acid, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) while the control rats received vehicle. The significant increase in the number of c-Fos-expressing nesfatin-1 neurons after agonist injections were observed both in female and male subjects and some of these effects were found to be sexually dimorphic. In addition, treatment with specific glutamate antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) or dizocilpine (MK-801) before each of the three agonist injections caused a statistically significant reduction in the number of activated nesfatin-1 neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei including supraoptic, paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. The second aim of the study was to determine the expression of glutamate receptor subunit proteins in the nesfatin-1 neurons by using a double immunofluorescence technique. The results showed that the glutamate receptor subunits, which may form homomeric or heteromeric functional receptor channels, were expressed in the nesfatin-1 neurons. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that nesfatin-1 neurons respond to glutamatergic signals in the form of neuronal activation and that the glutamate receptors that are synthesized by nesfatin-1 neurons may participate in the glutamatergic regulation of these neurons.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGlutamateNesfatin-1C-FosHypothalamusRatBlood-brain-barrierSubunit messenger-RNAsC-fosReceptor subunitsUltrastructural-localizationSatiety moleculeKainic acidExpressionKainateActivationNeurosciences & neurologyArticle0005801382000012-s2.0-8509077976510932932902NeurosciencesNucleobindin; Pyroglutamyl-Histidyl-Glycine; DNA-Binding Proteins6 cyano 7 nitro 2,3 quinoxalinedioneAMPA receptor agonistKainic acidN methyl dextro aspartic acid receptorN methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor stimulating agentNesfatin 1NeurotransmitterUnclassified drugAdultAnimal experimentAnimal modelAnimal tissueArticleCell countingControlled studyEnergy metabolismFemaleFood intakeGABAergic transmissionGlutamatergic synapseHippocampusHypothalamusImmunofluorescenceImmunofluorescence testImmunohistochemistryImmunoreactivityMaleNonhumanProtein expressionProtein phosphorylationRatSynaptic transmissionVaccination