Jansen, KirstinCevhertaş, LaçinMa, SiyuanSatitsuksanoa, PattrapornAkdis, Mubeccelvan de Veen, Willem2024-06-132024-06-132021-02-020105-4538https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14763https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.14763https://hdl.handle.net/11452/42173B cells play a central role in the immune system through the production of antibodies. During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that B cells also have the capacity to regulate immune responses through mechanisms that extend beyond antibody production. Several types of human and murine regulatory B cells have been reported that suppress inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease, allergy, infection, transplantation, and cancer. Key suppressive molecules associated with regulatory B-cell function include the cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-beta as well as cell membrane-bound molecules such as programmed death-ligand 1, CD39, CD73, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regulatory B cells can be induced by a range of different stimuli, including microbial products such as TLR4 or TLR9 ligands, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1 beta, and IFN-alpha, as well as CD40 ligation. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on regulatory B cells. We discuss different types of regulatory B cells, the mechanisms through which they exert their regulatory functions, factors that lead to induction of regulatory B cells and their role in the alteration of inflammatory responses in different diseases.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisAryl-hydrocarbon receptorB10 cellsT-cellsRheumatoid-arthritisTnf-alphaIn-vitroIl-10InductionInflammationAllergyAutoimmunityBreg cells10InflammationSuppressionToleranceAllergyImmunologyReview0006292812000012699271576910.1111/all.147631398-9995