Özel, Mustafa ZaferÖzyurt, Dilek2022-09-052022-09-052014-05Arı, F. vd. (2014). "Genotoxic, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. on breast cancer cells". Environmental Toxicology, 29(7), 804-813.1520-40811522-7278https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.21809https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/tox.21809http://hdl.handle.net/11452/28455The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition, and evaluate the genotoxic, and anti-growth potency of the methanol extracts of lichen species Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (HPE). Anti-growth effect was tested in two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by the MTT and ATP viability assays and apoptosis was assayed by the caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30-antigen). Genotoxic activity of HPE was studied using chromosome aberration and micronuclei tests in human lymphocytes culture in vitro. The chemical composition of H. physodes was analyzed by using direct thermal desorption method coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GCXGC-TOF/MS). Our results indicate that HPE has an anti-growth effect at relatively lower concentrations, while relatively higher concentrations are required for genotoxic activity. HPE, therefore, seems to represent a therapeutic potential and poses new challenges for medicinal chemistry.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessHypogymnia physodesCytotoxicityGenotoxicityApoptosisChemical compositionIn-vitroMicronucleus assayHuman-lymphocytesLichen compoundsExtractsMetabolitesMurineRiskAcidEnvironmental sciences & ecologyToxicologyWater resourcesCell cultureCell deathGas chromatographyMass spectrometryChromosome aberrationDirect thermal desorptionFlight mass spectrometryHuman breast cancer cellsTherapeutic potentialsAntigenCancerCytologyDesorptionDisease treatmentEcotoxicologyLichenMedicineMethanolPlant extractWomens healthAdolescentAntineoplastic agentsApoptosisBreast neoplasmsCaspasesCell line, tumorCell proliferationCytotoxinsFemaleHumansLichensLymphocytesMaleMethanolMutagenicity testsSolventsTissue extractsYoung adultArticle0003375151000102-s2.0-8490184325480481329722907900Environmental sciencesToxicologyWater resourcesUsnic Acid; Extract; Lichen (Disease)2 cyclohexenone derivativeAllyl alcoholAntineoplastic agentCytokeratin 18Decanoic acidFungal extractHeptanoic acid derivativeHexanoic acidHypogymnia physodes extractMethanolNaphthalene derivativeNonanoic acidOctanoic acidUnclassified drugAdultAntineoplastic activityApoptosisArticleBreast cancer cell lineCell viabilityChemical compositionChromatidChromosome aberrationControlled studyDesorptionDrug cytotoxicityFemaleGas chromatographyGenotoxicityHumanHuman cellHypogymnia physodesLichen (organism)Lymphocyte cultureMaleMCF 7 cell lineMetaphaseMicronucleusMitosis indexMTT assayNormal humanPhase contrast microscopyPriority journalQualitative analysisQuantitative analysisTime of flight mass spectrometry