Dizdar, Oğuzhan Sıtkı2022-09-012022-09-012014-06Dizdar, O. S. vd. (2014). "Pneumonia after kidney transplant: Incidence, risk factors, and mortality". Experimental and Clinical Transplantation, 12(3), 205-211.1304-0855https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.2013.0093http://ectrx.org/forms/ectrxcontentshow.php?doi_id=10.6002/ect.2013.0093http://hdl.handle.net/11452/28422Objectives: Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of solid-organ transplant. We aimed to determine risk factors for development of pneumonia and associated deaths in kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed for all kidney transplant recipients from December 1988, to April 2011. The diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was made from symptoms, clinical findings, and chest radiography. The diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia was made according to published criteria. Laboratory and serologic tests, radiographic findings, cultures of respiratory specimens, and tissue biopsies were reviewed. Results: In 406 kidney transplant recipients, there were 82 patients (20%) who had 111 episodes of pneumonia, including 49 nosocomial episodes of pneumonia (44%). Bacterial infections were the most common cause (34 episodes [31%]). In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors associated with pneumonia episodes were older age, hypertension, cardiac disease, history of acute graft rejection, and not using everolimus/mycophenolate mofetil/prednisolone protocol. There were 28 episodes that resulted in death (25%), including 20 nosocomial episodes (71%). In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors associated with death from pneumonia episodes were antibiotic use in the previous 3 months, high C-reactive protein, and low albumin. Cutoff values for increased risk of death from pneumonia included C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dL and procalcitonin > 8.8 ng/mL. Conclusions: Recipients of kidney transplant may be at risk for pneumonia and associated death. Nosocomial pulmonary infections may be associated with marked morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessRenal failureNephrologyLungInfectionCommunity-acquired pneumoniaPulmonary infectionsRecipientsValidationBacterialFailureTransplantationAdultAge factorsChi-square distributionCommunity-acquired infectionsComorbidityCross infectionFemaleGraft rejectionHumansIncidenceKaplan-Meier estimateKidney transplantationLogistic modelsMaleMiddle agedMultivariate analysisOdds ratioPneumoniaPrognosisRetrospective studiesRisk factorsTime factorsTurkeyYoung adultArticle0003376558000062-s2.0-8490191517120521112324907720TransplantationTransplant Recipients; Urinary Tract Infections; Kidney TransplantationAciclovirAlbuminAzathioprineC reactive proteinCephalosporinCotrimoxazoleCyclosporinEverolimusInterleukin 2 receptor antibodyIsoniazidMethylprednisoloneMycophenolic acid 2 morpholinoethyl esterPrednisoloneRapamycinTacrolimusThymocyte antibodyValganciclovirAcute graft rejectionAdultAgeAntibody titerArticleAspergillus fumigatusChronic graft rejectionClinical featureClinical protocolCommunity acquired pneumoniaControlled studyDelayed graft functionDiastolic blood pressureDisease severityDrug useDrug withdrawalFemaleFiberoptic bronchoscopyHaemophilus influenzaeHeart diseaseHospital infectionHumanHuman tissueHypertensionImmunosuppressive treatmentIncidenceKidney transplantationLength of stayLoading drug doseLung lavageLung mycosisMajor clinical studyMaleMedical recordMorbidityMortalityPneumocystis pneumoniaPseudomonas aeruginosaRetrospective studyRisk factorSensitivity and specificitySingle drug doseStenotrophomonas maltophiliaSystolic blood pressureThorax radiographyChi square distributionCommunity-acquired infectionsComorbidityCross infectionEpidemiologyGraft rejectionKaplan Meier methodKidney transplantationMiddle agedMortalityMultivariate analysisPneumoniaPrognosisRiskStatistical modelTimeTurkeyYoung adult