Akarsu, CengizTaner, PelinErgin, Ahmet2022-06-232022-06-232004-08Akarsu, C. vd. (2004). “Effects of moderate smoking on the central visual field”. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, 82(4), 432-435.1395-3907https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1395-3907.2004.00301.xhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1395-3907.2004.00301.xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11452/27366Purpose: To investigate whether moderate cigarette smoking has any effects on the central visual field. Methods: This study included 30 healthy, moderate cigarette smokers (10-20 cigarettes per day for at least the past 5 years) and 22 healthy non-smokers. After two training test sessions, all individuals underwent computerized visual field examinations (Humphrey 30-2 Full Threshold Test) with both white-on-white (W-W) perimetry and blue-on-yellow (B-Y) perimetry. One eye of each subject with reliable visual field test results was evaluated. The foveal threshold, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), short-term fluctuation (SF), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) and number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2%, p < 1% and p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map of the smokers were compared with those of the non-smokers. Results: When the results of W-W perimetry were analysed, the smokers were found to have significantly lower foveal thresholds (p = 0.001) and mean retinal sensitivity (p = 0.02), and higher PSD (p = 0.002) and CPSD (p = 0.01) than the non-smokers. Short-term fluctuation was similar in both groups (p = 0.55). The number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2% and p < 1% on the pattern deviation probability map was similar for both groups (p > 0.55). The number of depressed points deviating at p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map was higher for the smokers than for the non-smokers (p = 0.03). The results of B-Y perimetry showed the smokers to have a significantly lower foveal threshold than the non-smokers (p = 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in the global indices of the two groups (p > 0.05). The number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2%, p < 1% and p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in GHT was determined with either perimetry for the smokers compared with the non-smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that moderate cigarette smoking is associated with both diffuse and localized reductions in retinal sensitivity with W-W perimetry. Only reduction in the foveal threshold was observed with B-Y perimetry, with no hints of diffuse and localized reductions.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessOphthalmologyModerate cigarette smokingVisual fieldWhite-on-white perimetryBlue-on-yellow perimetryRisk-factorsAssociationAdultFemaleHumansMalePerimetryRetinal diseasesSensory thresholdsSmokingVision disordersVisual fieldsArticle0002234731000112-s2.0-444436098243243582415291937OphthalmologyEthambutol; Optic Nerve Diseases; PerimetryAdultArticleCigarette smokingControlled studyFemaleHumanHuman experimentMaleNormal humanPerimetryPriority journalProbabilityRetina foveaSensitivity and sensibilityStatistical analysisTrainingVisual fieldVisual system examinationVisual threshold