T.C. BURSA 0000-0003-2457-321X Prof. Dr. Nurettin YAVUZ BURSA 2021 Tezi Bursa Prof. Dr. Nurettin YAVUZ bir m da de parametrelerinin kaynak . prosesi Anahtar Kelimeler: lazer kaynak mukavemeti 2021, viii + 67 sayfa. i ABSTRACT MSc Thesis INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LASER WELDING SEAM FORMS ON WELDING PROPERTIES IN SHEET METAL JOINTS Bursa Uluda University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Nurettin YAVUZ Today, laser welding is a joining method that is used instead of traditional resistance welding and inert-gas welding methods and has superior features in terms of quality, speed and economy. Laser welding is preferred in the industry due to its high process speed and its tendency to mass production. In addition, combining metal sheets with laser welding method compared to other welding methods; It also provides many different possibilities such as welding different types of metals and obtaining a narrower welding area. In this study, the general usage areas of laser welding, its place in automotive, its important parameters and the effects of laser seam geometries on different joining types and different loading conditions were investigated. The effects of laser power and welding speed parameters on weld penetration have been studied in a macro scale. Welds in different seam geometries were applied with the determined optimum welding parameters and they were subjected to tests under different loading conditions. It is predicted that these studies will help the appropriate seam form selection stage in the use of laser welding method instead of the joining methods currently used in the industry. In this way, the process steps will be shortened and the welding will be performed in an optimum way. Key words: Laser welding, laser stitch form, laser stitch geometries, laser stitch, welding strenght 2021, viii + 67 pages. ii Prof Dr. Nurettin a, 01/01/2021 iii Sayfa .................................................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ii ..................................................................................................................... iii ........................................................... iv ........................................................................v .......................................................................................................... vi .................................................................................................. viii ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. K MASI.......................................................................................... 2 2.1. Lazer , .............................2 ................................................................................................................2 ..........3 ..........................................................................................4 ..........6 2.1.5. Lazer Sistemleri....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.6. Lazer .............................. 12 2.2 ......................................................................................................... 13 .................................. 14 2.2.2. Lazer ......................................................................................16 2.2.3 .....................................................................18 ................................................... 19 2.2.5. Lazer Kaynak Kalitesi Etkileyen Parametreler.....................................................20 ...................................................................... 25 3. MATERYAL ve .........................................................................................27 3.1. Materyal................................................................................................................... 27 3.2. ........................................................................ 28 3.3. .............................................................................. 29 3.4. Deney Numuneleri................................................................................................... 33 3.5. .................35 3.6. ......................................................................................................... 41 4. BULGULAR ve ......................................................................................43 .............................................................................................. 43 4. ...........52 4.2.1. ............................................................................................................52 4.2.2. Etkisi.............................................................................................................................. 54 4.2.3. KS- Etkisi.............................................................................................................................. 55 ...................................................................................................................... 59 KAYNAKLAR .............................................................................................................. 61 .................................................................................................................... 65 iv Simgeler A80 Rp Rm Zn E Enerji P Fosfor Q Yb C Karbon CO2 Karbondioksit S Mg Magnezyum Mn Mangan N Newton Nb Niyobyum Yb Si Silisyum Ti Titanyum Nd Neodinyum Al2O3 Fe3Cl m Metre mm Milimetre sn Saniye dk Dakika nm Nanometre ITAB Nd:YAG Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet YAG Yttrium aluminum garnet Mpa Megapascal W Watt kW Kilowatt K Kelvin CW Continuous wave kJ Kilojoule Mikrometre TS EN European Norm DIN vb ve benzeri v Sayfa Dalga boyu nda atomun foton yayarak ..... 5 .....................................................................6 ......................................................... 8 .................................................................9 ...............................................................10 ............................................................................11 .................................................................12 ............................................................14 sistemi......................................................................................15 CO2 lazer sistemi............................................................................................16 .......................................................................................17 .................................................................................18 K 2 fonksiyonu...................................................................................................................... 22 6. Ayna ve ...................................23 7. a etkisi.............................................................................................................................. 25 3.3. I tipi lazer geometrisi konumu......................................................................... 30 3.7. Welding Expert ...............................................34 ............................35 ...............36 . ....37 C ...........37 -II tipiyle ................................................................................................................. 37 numuneler....................................................................................................................... 38 I numuneler....................................................................................................................... 38 numuneler....................................................................................................................... 39 numuneler....................................................................................................................... 39 - numuneler...................................................................................................................... 40 I tipi ve uzun C tip - 40 ......................... 41 KS- .................................................................42 vi KS- ...........................44 .........................................45 ............................................47 .............................................................47 ............................................................48 ....................................................49 ..........................................51 Bindirme ...............54 Peel KS- KS- KS- . KS- vii Sayfa ................................................................ ......13 . DX54D+Z malzemesinin kimyasal kompozisyonu......................................27 ...................... 31 ............................... 31 .5. ............................... 32 ............................... 33 34 ..... 43 ..... 45 .................................................................................... 47 ..................54 - viii 1. yeni birle teknikleri ad ( ve ark. 2009) no ; ilk olarak parametr nelere ve 1 2. alara girdi olacak; laze , 2.1 , , Sistemleri gelmektedir. dalga boyu denmektedir. . 2 lar ler(Gribbin, 2000). ; - . - . - . - . - L Lazerin g 3 n etkisi ile elde edilen, veya lazer olarak isimlendirilir (Schawlow ve ark. 1958). -neon 2 )(Sorokin ve ark. x- ilk lazerdir (Matthews ve ark. 1985). 2.1.3. Lazer eltilmesi ilkesine i sonucunda 4 . nda atomun foton yayarak ( 2014) ilki atomun seviyes 2006). k 2006). yayara 5 . Bunlar: (Convissar, 2016) 1- Aktif Ortam 2- 3- 4- . (Convissar, 2016) 2 benzeri gazlar, erbiyum ve ya da r. 6 2 2.1.5. Lazer Sistemleri maddelerin lazerleri, Nd:YAG lazer sistemi, Nd:CAM lazer sistemi, ruby(yakut) lazer sistemi 2006) vb.) vb.) lazerlerinde, lazer r 7 - Akti -YAG lazerlerinde aktif madde, yttrium- - n iyi k ortalama 0,3- elde edilebilen abilmektedir. Nd:YAG lazer sisteminin temel 8 . Nd:YAG lazer sisteminin Katayama, 2013) Corundum(Al2O3), yakut lazerlerinin ana maddesi olup, krom ile desteklenmektedir. olan lazerlerdir(Arslan, 2017). 9 . ya oksit ve 2015). . 10 Helyum- 2 lazerlerinde CO2 B . 11 (Arcan, 2011). 2.1.6 laz . lazer kaynak (Nayak ve ark. 2015, Yuce ve ark. 2016). 12 2.2 Lazer lan ve ark. 2001). . ) 13 Nd:YAG ve fiber diyot lazerler, gaz lazerlerinde de CO2 2 granattan r. Nd:YAG i (Sivagurumanikandan ve ark. 2018). 14 ve ark, 2013). Fiber optik lazer prosesinde kaynak malzemesi olarak genellikle 3 ila 9 2011). . sistemi (Buchfink, 2007) k bir alana neden ol 15 . CO2 lazer sistemi (Buchfink, 2007) 2.2.2 kay (Duley, 1999). (Abbott ve ark., 1994). on e 16 La e olmayan ve ge . . labilmektedir(Jokinen, 2004). 17 . Lazer ) inimi ark. 2015, Yuce ve ark. 2016). 2.2.3 ava 2 minimuma 18 2014). 2.2.4 Lazer kay avantajl - , - , -Kaynak , -Elektrot ya da herhangi bir dolgu malzemesi - yetik ort -Oda , - , - , - konvansiyonel kaynak y . - , - K , - ne sahip olan malzemeler - 19 2.2.5. Lazer Kaynak Kalitesini Etkileyen Parametreler Bunun nedeni, lazer ka nin, . lazer eksenel olarak Kayn re Kusinski, 2001): emme kabiliyetlerini etkilemektedir. 20 hatta delinmesine neden olur. 015). [kW] ile birlikte [kJ / mm] belirlemektedir. (Denklem 2.1). 2015). (2.1) 2 len, 2006). 21 . K CO2 fonksiyonu (Duley, 1998) i ger sahipse bu 22 . Ayna ve 1998). 23 Lazer kayna Azo Bu gazlar Koruyucu gazlar genellikle 10 ila 40 lt/dk . D debiler gerekmektedir yol (Behler ve ark, 1988). Koruyucu g d . plazma etkisi (Duley, 1998) 24 kimyasal eyini kapla , 2018) 25 stab Lazer kayna 26 3. MATERYAL ve 3.1. Materyal an 0.7 mm ve 2mm galvanizli DX54D+Z lazer iyet 0.7mm biri olan mamuller kimyasal DX54D+Z malzemesinin kimyasal kompozisyonu Malzeme C Si Mn P S Ti max. max. max. max. max. max. DX54D+Z 0,12 0,60 0,60 0,10 0,045 0,30 i Malzeme Rp [Mpa] Rm [Mpa] A80 [%] DX54D+Z 120-220 260-350 36 27 3.2. Lazer Kaynak si ve UKA robotu ve onunla -3000- . . 28 kaynakla . 3.3. Parametre Belirleme tutul erin makro 29 105x45x0.7mm ve 105x45 numune Proses galvaniz etkisini ve . numunelerde lazer kaynak geometrisi olarak 25mm uzunlu 3.5. I tipi lazer geometrisi konumu 30 ve 1800W olacak nda . en parametlerde lazer kaynak ile ve makro Lazer Numune Malzeme (mm) (W) (mm/sn) (mm) Geometrisi 1 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1350 10 0 I tipi 2 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1350 15 0 I tipi 3 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1350 20 0 I tipi 4 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1350 25 0 I tipi izelgesi Lazer Numune Malzeme (mm) (W) (mm/sn) (mm) Geometrisi 5 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1500 10 0 I tipi 6 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1500 15 0 I tipi 7 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1500 20 0 I tipi 8 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1500 25 0 I tipi 31 . Lazer Numune Malzeme (mm) (W) (mm/sn) (mm) Geometrisi 9 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1800 10 0 I tipi 10 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1800 15 0 I tipi 11 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1800 20 0 I tipi 12 DX54D+Z 0.7-2 1800 25 0 I tipi e en numuneler kaynak kesme makinas Kesim ala 3.6. Numune kesme 32 Fe3 e , konumland rabilmek ve numene 3.7. 3.4. Deney Numuneleri ve . Numunelerin lazer ile kaynat C tipi, Uzun C tipi, I tipi ve S geometrisi 33 ta tipinde ise yanyana Belirtilen laze numuneler 3.7 de bindirme, peel ve KS-II olarak isimlendirilen KS- ,60 ve 90 Bu fark numunel 34 3.8. tirme tipi KS-II ise) belirtilmektedir. - formu - C : C ile tan -II - I : K - - r. larda numune h - ve 35 3.9. oturma y zeyleri rde olan C tipi lazer kaynak dik Bu 36 3.10. 3.11. 3.12. - 37 l nde; 4 adet numunede C tipi, 4 adet numunede uzun C tipi, 4 13. C ve uzun C numuneler 3.14. I ve S numuneler 38 numunede I tipi ve 4 adet numun 3.15. C numuneler 3.16. I ve S 39 KS- 6 adet numunede C tipi, 6 adet numunede uzun C tipi, 6 adet numunede I tipi ve 6 3.17. - numuneler 8. - KS- , 60 ve 90 40 3.6 testleri Zwick 32mm/dk mu ve bindirme tipindeki numunelerin 3.19. KS- elerin 41 KS- KS- 3.21. KS- 42 4. BULGULAR parametrelerin kaynak ve nin da, makro . Etkisi lerin n a mad makro a 43 44 , 2mm makro ekil 4.2 de verilen 3 15 , 2mm s 45 lerin sac birbirini tutmad ODAK HIZ NO DURUM (mm/sn) (mm) 5 1500 10 0 6 1500 15 0 7 1500 20 0 8 1500 25 0 N.Yok ir. 46 makro c ruf 47 makro makro lerin y sac birbirini tutmad a 48 49 0.84 s makro kl makro gesinden a 50 makro numunenin makro ruf veya yetersiz fa larda 51 makroy tir. B 1350 10 rk 4.2.1. tipinde kaynaklanan ODAK NUNUME HIZ KODU (W) (mm/sn) (N) (mm) 1350 10 0 Bindirme C 4440,78 1350 10 0 Bindirme Uzun C 3901,04 1350 10 0 Bindirme I 5877,22 1350 10 0 Bindirme S 6444,11 52 ler kopma, ana . 53 4.2.2. eki noktala . ODAK NUNUME HIZ KODU (W) (mm/sn) (N) (mm) 1350 10 0 Peel C 807,45 1350 10 0 Peel Uzun C 927,73 1350 10 0 Peel I 3574,7 1350 10 0 Peel S 1004,9 Peel 54 leri sonucunda peel Peel 4.2.3. KS- - num 15 t KS-II ti , 60 , 90 55 KS- ODAK NUNUME HIZ KODU (W) (mm/sn) (N) (mm) 1350 10 0 KS-II C 3029,52 1350 10 0 KS-II Uzun C 2443,19 1350 10 0 KS-II I 3723,64 1350 10 0 KS-II S 3783,13 1350 10 0 KS-II C 5179,55 1350 10 0 KS-II Uzun C 3414,52 1350 10 0 KS-II I 4811,37 1350 10 0 KS-II S 5935,75 1350 10 0 KS-II C 2287,12 1350 10 0 KS-II Uzun C 2132,78 1350 10 0 KS-II I 3035,99 1350 10 0 KS-II S 2970,46 . KS- 56 4. KS-II tipinde bi . KS- KS-II 57 . KS- - 58 , asla optimum t kaynak proseslerin sabit kabul , iplerinde 59 uzun C , Bindirme, KS-II- - II- -II- Ek olarak, l ; , lazer kaynak prosesinin 60 KAYNAKLAR Abbott, D. H, Albright C. E. 1994. CO2 Shielding Gas Effects in Laser Welding Mild Steel. Journal of Laser Applications, 6: 69-80. Afonso, V., Roberto, J., Rossi, W. De 2010 AISI 316L stainless steel thin foils. Journal of Materials Processing Tech., 210(14): 1838 1843. Anonim, 2018. 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