Bursa yöresinde yetiştirilen bazı önemli şeftali çeşitlerinde kimyasal yöntemlerle seyreltme üzerine araştırmalar
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Date
1992-09-16
Authors
Koç, Veli
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, 1992 yılında U.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitki™ leri Bölümü’ne ait Araştırma ve Uygulama Bahçesi ve Bursa Ziraat Meslek Lisesi Bahçesi’nde yapılmıştır. Cardinal, Redhaven ve J.H. Hale çeşitlerinde meyve seyreltmesi amacıyla Ethrel (50, 100 ve 150 ppm), Sevin (400, 800 ve 1200 ppm) ve NAA (50, 75 ve 100 ppm) meyve ağırlığının 2.0 g dolayında olduğu dönemde uygulanmıştır. Araştırmamızdan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar aşağıdaki gibi özetlenebilir. Genel döküm oranları dikkate alındığında, Cardinal çeşidinde 150 ppm (7. 85.86), 100 ppm (X 85.57) ve 50 ppm (7. 85.04) Ethrel, 400 ppm (X 84.44) ve 1200 ppm (X 82.86) Sevin? Redhaven çeşidinde 150 ppm (X 63.29) ve 100 ppm (X. 62.31) Ethrel, 1200 ppm (X 45.19) • ve 400 ppm (7. 39.57) Sevin, 100 ppm (X 53.77) ve 50 ppm (X 35.71) NAA? J.H.'Hale çeşidinde 150 ppm (X 88.73), 100 ppm (X 81.07) ve 50 ppm (7. 75.74) Ethrel, 400 ppm (X 58.31) ve 800 ppm (X 56.79) Sevin, 50 ppm (X 52.63) ve 100 ppm (X 50.45) NAA uygulamaları en iyi sonuçları vermiş ve kontrol değerlerine göre Cardinal çeşidinde X 0.8-3.5, Redhaven çeşidinde 7. 10.0-21.5, J.H.Hale çeşidinde X 0.4-23.6 daha yüksek seyreltme yapmışlardır. Bu .değerler özellikle son iki çeşitte kısmen veya Önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuş, Cardinal çeşidinde ise zayı-F bir etki görülmüştür» Sürgünler üzerindeki meyve sayısı dağılımı açısından üzerinde 2, 3, 4 meyve bulunduran sürgünlerin toplamı dikkate alındığında Cardinal çeşidinde 50 ppm (14 adet), 100 ppm (9 adet) ve 150 ppm (10 adet) Ethrel, 800 ppm Sevin (13 adet)? Redhaven çeşidinde 100 ppm (17 adet), 150 ppm (16 adet) ve 50 ppm (14 adet) Ethrel, 1200 ppm (9 adet) ve 800 ppm (6 adet) Sevin, 100 ppm NAA (7 adet)? J.H.Hale çeşidinde 100 ppm (13 adet), 50 ppm (12 adet) ve 150 ppm (9 adet) Ethrel., 800 ppm (17 adet) ve 400 ppm (13 adet) Sevin, 75 ppm (18 adet) ve 50 ppm (17 adet) NAA uygulamaları en iyi sonuçları vermiştir. Ancak kimyasal seyreltmeden sonra ilave olarak az çok bir elle seyreltmenin gerekliliği de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Uygulamaların meyve ağırlığı üzerine etkileri incelendiğinde Cardinal çeşidinde 100 ppm (139.8 g), 150 ppm (137.7 g) ve 50 ppm (137.2 g) Ethrel, 1200 ppm (147.7 g) ve 800 ppm (138.2 g) Sevin’-in en yüksek meyve ağırlığını verdikleri görülmüştür» Redhaven çeşidinde 50 ppm (180.1 g), 100 ppm (162.0 g) ve 150 ppm(153.1 g) Ethrel, 800 ppm (103.9 g) ve 1200 ppm(94.3 g) Sevin, 100 ppm(88.7 g) ve 75 ppm (84.1 g) NAAş J.H.Hale çeşidinde ise 150 ppm (158.1 g>, 100 ppm (150.0 g) ve 50 ppm (132.6 g) Ethrel, 1200 ppm (124.6 g) ve 800 ppm (106.6 g) Sevin, 100 ppm (127.3 g) ve 50 ppm (122.7 g) NAA uygulamaları meyve ağırlığı açısından en iyi sonuçları vermiştir. Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde Ethrel uygulamaları dışındaki uygulamalardan elde edilen meyvelerin ağırlıkları standartların çok altında olduğundan bu uygulamalar uygun görülmemek-tedi r» Toplam döküm oranı, sürgünler üzerindeki meyve dağılımı ve meyve irilikleri dikkate alındığında en iyi sonuçlar Cardinal çeşidinde 50, 100 ppm Ethrel ve 800 ppm Sevin? Redhaven çeşidinde 100, 150 ppm Ethrel? J.H.Hale çeşidinde 50, 100 ppm Ethrel uygulamalarından alınmıştır. Uygulamalar, kontrol ve elle seyreltmeye göre meyvelerde zemin ve yüzey rengi açısından önemli bir etkide bulunmamışlardır. Uygulamaların Cardinal çeşidinde meyve eti sertliğini kontrole göre kısmen azalttığı, buna karşılık Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde elle seyreltmeye göre arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ethrel uygulamaları suda eriyebilir kuru madde, (SEKM) miktarı açısından tüm çeşitlerde etkisiz olurken, Sevin uygulamaları sadece Redhaven çeşidinde SEKI*I miktarının elle seyreltmeye göre düşük olmasına neden olmuştur. NAA uygulamaları ise Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinin her ikisinde de SEKM miktarlarmın elle seyreltmeye göre düşük olmasında önemli derecede etkilidir. Cardinal, Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde uygulamaların meyve pH’lanna etkisi önemsizdir. Titre edilebilir asitlik açısından Cardinal ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde -Farklılık görülmemiş» buna karşılık Redhaven çeşidinde uygulamalar asitlimin elle seyreltmeye göre düşük olmasında etkili bulunmuştur. Et/çekirdek oranı üzerine uygulamaların etkisi Cardinal çeşidinde kontrole göre önemli olmamış, buna karşılık Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde uygulamalardan alman meyvelerin et/çekirdek oranları (15.88 - 10.14), elle seyreltmeden alınan meyvelere göre (Redhaven’de 21.00 ve J.H.Hale’de 20.95) daha düşük düzey- X lerde olmuştur.
This study was conducted in the Research and Practice Orc-hard of Uludağ University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture and in the Orchard of Agricultural Technical Lyceâ in Bursa. Ethrel (50, 100 and 150 ppm), Sevin (400, 800 and 1200 ppm) and NAA (50, 75 and 100 ppm) were applied at the stage when the fruit weigth was about 2.0 g with the aim of fruit thinning in cvs. Cardinal, Redhaven and J.H.Hale. The results obtained from the study can be summarised as follonss When the overall drop ratios were considered, 150 ppm (85.86 X), 100 ppm (85.57 7.) and 50 ppm (85.04 7.) of Ethrel, 400 ppm (84.44 X) and 1200 ppm (82.86 7.) of Sevin in cv.Cardinal? 150 ppm (63.29 X) and 100 ppm (62.31 X) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (45.19 X) and 400 ppm (39.57 X) Sevin, 100 ppm (53.77 X) and 50 ppm (35.71 X) of NAA in cv. Redhaven? 150 ppm (88.73 X), 100 ppm (81.07 X) and 50 ppm ( 75.74 X) of Ethrel, 400 ppm (58.31 X) and 800 ppm (56.79 •/■> of Sevin, SO pPly<S2.63 7.) and 100 ppm <30.45 7.) of NAA appli-cations in cv. J.H.Hale gave the best results, and they caused 0.8-3.5 X, 9.96-21.5 X, and 0.4-23.6 X more thinning in cvs. Cardinal, Redhaven and J.H.Hale respectively. These, values were found partially or significantly higher especiâlly in the latter two cultivars whereas a weak effect was observed in cv. Cardinal. Considering the numerical distribution of fruits on the shoots, by the total of the shoots having 2, 3, 4 fruits, 50 ppm (14), 100 ppm (9) and 150 ppm (10) of Ethrel, 800 ppm Sevin (13) in cv. Cardinal, 100 ppm (17), 150 ppm (16) and 50 ppm (14) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (9) and 800 ppm (6) of Sevin, 100 ppm NAA (7) in cv.Redhaven? 100 ppm (13), 50 ppm (12) and 150 ppm (9) of Ethrel, 800 ppm (17) and 400 ppm (13) of Sevin, 75 ppm (18) and 50 ppm (17) of NAA applications in cv. J.H.Hale gave the best results. However, the necessity of a hand thinning after the Chemical thinning is brougth about. When the effects of the applications on fruit weight were enamined, 100 ppm (139.8 g), 150 ppm (137.7 g) and 50 ppm (137.2 g) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (147.7 g) and 800 ppm (138.2 g) of Sevin was found to give the highest fruit weight in cv.Cardinal. In cv. Redhaven 50 ppm (180.1 g), 100 ppm (162.0 g) and 150 ppm (153.1 g) of Ethrel, 800 ppm (103.9 g) and 1200 ppm (94.3 g) of Sevin, 100 ppm (88.7 g) and 75 ppm (84.1 g) of NAAş in cv. J.H.Hale 150 ppm (158.i g), 100 ppm (150.0 g) and 50 ppm (132.6 g) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (124.6 g) and 800 ppm (106.6 g) of Sevin, 100 ppm (127.3 g) and 50 ppm (122.7 g) of NAA applications gave the best results by the fruit weight. In cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale, the mean weights of fruits obtained from the applications except Ethrel applications were inferior to the standarts, therefore these applications did not seem to be suitable. When the total drpp ratio, the distribution of fruits on the shcots and fruit size were considered together the best results were obtained from 50, 100 ppm Ethrel and 800 ppm Sevin applica-tions in cv. Cardinal? 100, 150 ppm Ethrel in cv. Redhaven? and 50, 100 ppm Ethrel in cv. J.H.Hale. The applications did not have a significant effect on the surface and ground colour of fruits compared with control and hand thinning. The applications have reduced partially the flesh firmness of Cardinal fruits compared with control, however inere-ased the firmness in cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale as compared with hand thinning. Nhile Ethrel applications have had insignificant effects in respect of soluble solids in ali the cultivars, Sevin applications caused to decrease the soluble sol id content only in cv. Redhaven as compared with hand thinning. Dn the other hand NAA applications were significantly effective on the soluble solid con-tents in cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale as compared with hand thinning. The effects of applications on fruit pH were insignificant in cvs. Cardinal, Redhaven and J.H.Hale. No difference was obser-ved by the titratable acidity in cvs.Cardinal and J.H.Hale, howe-ver in cv. Redhaven the applications were found to be effective on the lower acidity compared with hand thinning. . The effects of applications on flesh/seed ratio were not significant compared with control in cv. Cardinal, but in cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale the flesh/seed ratios of fruits from applications (15.88-10.14) were found to be lower than those of the fruits from hand thinning (21.00 in Redhaven and 20.95 in J.H.Ha)
This study was conducted in the Research and Practice Orc-hard of Uludağ University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture and in the Orchard of Agricultural Technical Lyceâ in Bursa. Ethrel (50, 100 and 150 ppm), Sevin (400, 800 and 1200 ppm) and NAA (50, 75 and 100 ppm) were applied at the stage when the fruit weigth was about 2.0 g with the aim of fruit thinning in cvs. Cardinal, Redhaven and J.H.Hale. The results obtained from the study can be summarised as follonss When the overall drop ratios were considered, 150 ppm (85.86 X), 100 ppm (85.57 7.) and 50 ppm (85.04 7.) of Ethrel, 400 ppm (84.44 X) and 1200 ppm (82.86 7.) of Sevin in cv.Cardinal? 150 ppm (63.29 X) and 100 ppm (62.31 X) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (45.19 X) and 400 ppm (39.57 X) Sevin, 100 ppm (53.77 X) and 50 ppm (35.71 X) of NAA in cv. Redhaven? 150 ppm (88.73 X), 100 ppm (81.07 X) and 50 ppm ( 75.74 X) of Ethrel, 400 ppm (58.31 X) and 800 ppm (56.79 •/■> of Sevin, SO pPly<S2.63 7.) and 100 ppm <30.45 7.) of NAA appli-cations in cv. J.H.Hale gave the best results, and they caused 0.8-3.5 X, 9.96-21.5 X, and 0.4-23.6 X more thinning in cvs. Cardinal, Redhaven and J.H.Hale respectively. These, values were found partially or significantly higher especiâlly in the latter two cultivars whereas a weak effect was observed in cv. Cardinal. Considering the numerical distribution of fruits on the shoots, by the total of the shoots having 2, 3, 4 fruits, 50 ppm (14), 100 ppm (9) and 150 ppm (10) of Ethrel, 800 ppm Sevin (13) in cv. Cardinal, 100 ppm (17), 150 ppm (16) and 50 ppm (14) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (9) and 800 ppm (6) of Sevin, 100 ppm NAA (7) in cv.Redhaven? 100 ppm (13), 50 ppm (12) and 150 ppm (9) of Ethrel, 800 ppm (17) and 400 ppm (13) of Sevin, 75 ppm (18) and 50 ppm (17) of NAA applications in cv. J.H.Hale gave the best results. However, the necessity of a hand thinning after the Chemical thinning is brougth about. When the effects of the applications on fruit weight were enamined, 100 ppm (139.8 g), 150 ppm (137.7 g) and 50 ppm (137.2 g) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (147.7 g) and 800 ppm (138.2 g) of Sevin was found to give the highest fruit weight in cv.Cardinal. In cv. Redhaven 50 ppm (180.1 g), 100 ppm (162.0 g) and 150 ppm (153.1 g) of Ethrel, 800 ppm (103.9 g) and 1200 ppm (94.3 g) of Sevin, 100 ppm (88.7 g) and 75 ppm (84.1 g) of NAAş in cv. J.H.Hale 150 ppm (158.i g), 100 ppm (150.0 g) and 50 ppm (132.6 g) of Ethrel, 1200 ppm (124.6 g) and 800 ppm (106.6 g) of Sevin, 100 ppm (127.3 g) and 50 ppm (122.7 g) of NAA applications gave the best results by the fruit weight. In cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale, the mean weights of fruits obtained from the applications except Ethrel applications were inferior to the standarts, therefore these applications did not seem to be suitable. When the total drpp ratio, the distribution of fruits on the shcots and fruit size were considered together the best results were obtained from 50, 100 ppm Ethrel and 800 ppm Sevin applica-tions in cv. Cardinal? 100, 150 ppm Ethrel in cv. Redhaven? and 50, 100 ppm Ethrel in cv. J.H.Hale. The applications did not have a significant effect on the surface and ground colour of fruits compared with control and hand thinning. The applications have reduced partially the flesh firmness of Cardinal fruits compared with control, however inere-ased the firmness in cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale as compared with hand thinning. Nhile Ethrel applications have had insignificant effects in respect of soluble solids in ali the cultivars, Sevin applications caused to decrease the soluble sol id content only in cv. Redhaven as compared with hand thinning. Dn the other hand NAA applications were significantly effective on the soluble solid con-tents in cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale as compared with hand thinning. The effects of applications on fruit pH were insignificant in cvs. Cardinal, Redhaven and J.H.Hale. No difference was obser-ved by the titratable acidity in cvs.Cardinal and J.H.Hale, howe-ver in cv. Redhaven the applications were found to be effective on the lower acidity compared with hand thinning. . The effects of applications on flesh/seed ratio were not significant compared with control in cv. Cardinal, but in cvs. Redhaven and J.H.Hale the flesh/seed ratios of fruits from applications (15.88-10.14) were found to be lower than those of the fruits from hand thinning (21.00 in Redhaven and 20.95 in J.H.Ha)
Description
Keywords
Bahçe bitkileri, Horticultural crops, Bursa, Kimyasal maddeler, Chemical materials, Meyve seyreltmesi, Fruit thinning, Şeftali, Peach
Citation
Koç, V. (1992). Bursa yöresinde yetiştirilen bazı önemli şeftali çeşitlerinde kimyasal yöntemlerle seyreltme üzerine araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.