Farklı sulama suyu miktarı ve besin çözeltisi uygulamalarının kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi
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Date
2018-12-24
Authors
Çayğaracı, Aylin
Journal Title
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Sulama ve bitki besin maddeleri, tarımsal üretimin vazgeçilmez unsurlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, kinoa bitkisine uygulanan farklı sulama suyu düzeyleri ile Hoagland besin çözeltisinin farklı konsantrasyonlarının, bitkinin vejetatif gelişimi, verimi ve bazı verim bileşenleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneme, Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma ve Uygulama serasında, saksılarda yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme planında 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülen çalışmada, ana parsele 5 sulama suyu düzeyi (Bitki su tüketiminin (ETc) %50, 75, 100, 125 ve 150'si kadar sulama), alt parsellere ise standart Hoagland (H) besin çözeltisinin konsantrasyonları (0,50H, 1,00H ve 2,00H) yerleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu uygulamaların kinoa bitkisinde tane verimi, toprak üstü kuru madde verimi, bitki su tüketimi, su kullanım etkinliği, bin dane ağırlığı, bitki boyu, salkım uzunluğu, salkım sayısı, dal sayısı ve gövde çapı parametreleri üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme konularına, yetiştiricilik mevsimi boyunca 306,25-918,75 mm arasında sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. En düşük mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi (306,25 mm), %50 ETc düzeyinde sulama suyu uygulanan konudan elde edilirken en yüksek (740,89 mm) ise %150 ETc sulama düzeyi ve 2,00H besin çözeltisi konsantrasyonundan elde edilmiştir. Kinoa tane verimi, sulama suyu düzeyi (S), besin çözeltisi konsantrasyonu (B) ve S × B interaksiyonundan istatistiksel olarak önemli (P<0,01) düzeyde etkilenmiştir. Sulama suyu düzeyi arttıkça tane verimi de artmış ve en yüksek tane verimi (334 kg/da) %150 ETc sulama düzeyi ve 2,00H besin çözeltisi konsantrasyonundan elde edilmiştir. Toprak üstü kuru madde verimi ve diğer verim bileşenleri sulama düzeyi ve/veya besin çözeltisi konsantrasyonlarından değişen düzeylerde önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, sera koşullarında kinoa yetiştiriciliğinde, SKE'nin en yüksek bulunduğu bitki su tüketiminin %150'si düzeyinde sulama suyu ve Hoagland besin çözeltisinin 2 katı konsantrasyonda uygulanması önerilebilir.
Irrigation and plant nutrients are indispensable factors of agricultural production. In this study, the effects of different irrigation water levels and different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution applied to quinoa plant on the vegetative growth, yield and some yield components of the plant were investigated. The experiment was carried out in the pots at the Research and Application Greenhouse of Horticulture Department, Bursa Uludag University. The experiment was arranged as a randomized split‐plot design with 5 irrigation water levels (50%, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as the main plot factors and the concentrations of the standard Hoagland (H) nutrient solution (0.50H, 1.00H and 2.00H) as the subplot factor with four replications. The effects of these applications on seed yield, biomass yield, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, thousand grain weight, plant height, panicle length, bunch number, number of branches and stem diameter in quinoa plant were examined. Irrigation water was applied 306,25-918,75 mm to the experimental pots during the growing season. The lowest seasonal evapotranspiration (306,25 mm) was obtained from 50% ETc irrigation water while the highest evapotranspiration (740,89 mm) was obtained from 150% ETc irrigation level and 2,00H nutrient solution concentration. The quinoa grain yield was statistically significantly (P<0,01) affected by the irrigation water level (S), nutrient solution concentration (B) and S × B interaction. As the irrigation water level increased, the grain yield increased and the highest grain yield (334 kg/da) was obtained from 150% ETc irrigation level and 2,00H nutrient solution concentration. Biomass yield and other yield components were significantly affected by varying levels of irrigation levels and / or nutrient solution concentrations. According to the results of this study, it can be recommended to apply at a concentration of 150% ETc irrigation level and 2 times the concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution where the highest WUE value found in the cultivation of quinoa in greenhouse conditions.
Irrigation and plant nutrients are indispensable factors of agricultural production. In this study, the effects of different irrigation water levels and different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution applied to quinoa plant on the vegetative growth, yield and some yield components of the plant were investigated. The experiment was carried out in the pots at the Research and Application Greenhouse of Horticulture Department, Bursa Uludag University. The experiment was arranged as a randomized split‐plot design with 5 irrigation water levels (50%, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as the main plot factors and the concentrations of the standard Hoagland (H) nutrient solution (0.50H, 1.00H and 2.00H) as the subplot factor with four replications. The effects of these applications on seed yield, biomass yield, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, thousand grain weight, plant height, panicle length, bunch number, number of branches and stem diameter in quinoa plant were examined. Irrigation water was applied 306,25-918,75 mm to the experimental pots during the growing season. The lowest seasonal evapotranspiration (306,25 mm) was obtained from 50% ETc irrigation water while the highest evapotranspiration (740,89 mm) was obtained from 150% ETc irrigation level and 2,00H nutrient solution concentration. The quinoa grain yield was statistically significantly (P<0,01) affected by the irrigation water level (S), nutrient solution concentration (B) and S × B interaction. As the irrigation water level increased, the grain yield increased and the highest grain yield (334 kg/da) was obtained from 150% ETc irrigation level and 2,00H nutrient solution concentration. Biomass yield and other yield components were significantly affected by varying levels of irrigation levels and / or nutrient solution concentrations. According to the results of this study, it can be recommended to apply at a concentration of 150% ETc irrigation level and 2 times the concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution where the highest WUE value found in the cultivation of quinoa in greenhouse conditions.
Description
Keywords
Hoagland besin çözeltisi, Kinoa, Sera, Sulama, Biyomas verimi, Tohum verimi, Hoagland nutrient solution, Quinoa, Greenhouse, Biomass yield, Grain yield
Citation
Çayğaracı A. (2018) Farklı sulama suyu miktarı ve besin çözeltisi uygulamalarının kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.