Bazı şeftali çeşitlerinde meyve seyreltme sıklığının çiçek tomurcuklarının gelişimi, verimlilik ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri
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Date
1998-03-23
Authors
Ertürk, Ümran
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma 1994-1996 yıllanrı arasında, Bursa yöresinin bazı önemli şeftali çeşitlerinde farklı derecelerdeki seyreltme uygulamalarının verim, meyvelerin kalite özellikleri, çiçek tomurcuğu oluşumu ve tomurcukların içsel gelişimi üzerine etkilerini saptamak amacıyla yapılmış ve aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Meyve ağırlığı ve büyüklüğü seyreltmeye bağlı olarak değişmiş, Dixired, Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde ürün yükü arttıkça, kısmi bir azalma eğilimi göstermiş, genellikle 4 ve 5 meyveli uygulamalar diğer uygulamalara göre daha düşük değerler vermiş, Early Red çeşidinde ise bazı uygulamalarda pozitif yönde bir değişim görülmüştür. Genellikle daha büyük meyve veren seyreltme uygulamalarındaki et/çekirdek oranı daha yüksek bulunmuş, özellikle yıllara göre değişmekle birlikte bu durum Redhaven ve J.H.Hale çeşitlerinde belirgin ve bazen önemli olmuştur. SEKM miktarı seyreltmeye bağlı olmakla birlikte genellikle 2 meyveli uygulamalar en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. pH değerleri, bazı yıl ve çeşitlerde ürün yükü arttıkça, kısmen yükselme eğilimi göstermiş ancak bu eğilim önemli ve tüm çeşitlerde kararlı olmamıştır. Ürün yükü arttıkça çeşitlerin asıtlık değerlerinde de bazen kısmi bir artış olmuştur. Meyve eti sertliği değerleri uygulamalara göre istikrarlı bir değişim göstermemiştir. Toplam şeker ve buna paralel olarak da invert şeker miktarlarında uygulamalara bağlı olarak belirgin farklılıklar saptanmamıştır. Gövde kesit alanına düşen verimde en yüksek değerleri daha fazla meyve bırakılan uygulamalar, genellikle de 4 ve 5 meyveli uygulamalar vermiştir. Meyve ağırlığı ile verim değerleri arasında 8 yaşlı ağaçlarda negatif yönde, 6 yaşlı ağaçlarda ise Early Red çeşidinde goble şeklinde daha belirgin olarak pozitif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sürgün boylarındaki değişim, uygulamalara göre belirgin bir azalma eğilimi göstermemiş, ancak 5 meyveli uygulamalar diğer uygulamalara göre daha düşük değerler vermiştir. Birim uzunluktaki sürgün sayısı, ürün artışına paralel olarak azalmıştır. Çiçek tomurcuğu sayısı, dallarda bırakılan meyve sayısı arttıkça azalma eğilimi göstermiş ancak bu durum Early Red çeşidinde belirgin olmamıştır. Tomurcukların içsel gelişiminde seyreltmeye bağlı olarak dikkat çeken bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir.
This research was conducted between the years 1994-1996 with the aim of finding out the effects of thinning applications at different degrees in some important peach cultivars in Bursa on yield, quality characteristics of fruit, formation of flower buds and inner development of the buds, and the following results were obtained: Fruit weight and size changed in accordance with thinning, in cvs. Dixired, Redhaven and JÜHale, the weight and size had a partial tendency of decrease when crop load increased. The application of 4 or 5 fruits per shoot generally decreased fruit weight much more than the other applications, but a positive change was observed in some applications with regard to cv. Early Red. In many cases, the flesh/seed ratio was found to be higher in thinning applications which resulted in bigger fruit, and especially, although having changed according to years, mis case was noticeable and sometimes significant in cvs. Redhaven and J.RHale. Despite the feet that WSS amount was dependent on thinning, in general, 2 fruits/shoot applications led to higher values. In some years and cvs, pH values had a partial tendency of rise when crop load increased, but mis tendency was not important, and it was not fixed in all cvs. Sometimes a partial rise took place in acidity values of the cvs. together with the increase in crop load. The values of firmness of fruit flesh did not result in a stable change according to the applications. Total and invert sugar amounts were not changed significantly, according to the applications, m the yield quantities per trunk cross sectional area and per tree, the applications which left more fruit, and mostly 4 and 5 fruits/shoot applications, resulted in me highest values. A negative relationship was found between fruit weight and yield in 8 year old trees, but having been more noticeable in cv. Early Red when vase training system was practised, a positive relationship was found out in 6 year old trees. In general the change in shoot length was not significantly decreased by the applications, but 5 fruits/shoot applications had a lower value in this respect. The number of shoot per unit length of shoot, decreased parallel to crop rise. The number of flower buds had a tendency of decrease when the number of fruit left on the branches increased, but this tendency was not remarkable in cv. Early Red. A remarkable difference dependent on thinning was not observed in the inner development of the fruits buds.
This research was conducted between the years 1994-1996 with the aim of finding out the effects of thinning applications at different degrees in some important peach cultivars in Bursa on yield, quality characteristics of fruit, formation of flower buds and inner development of the buds, and the following results were obtained: Fruit weight and size changed in accordance with thinning, in cvs. Dixired, Redhaven and JÜHale, the weight and size had a partial tendency of decrease when crop load increased. The application of 4 or 5 fruits per shoot generally decreased fruit weight much more than the other applications, but a positive change was observed in some applications with regard to cv. Early Red. In many cases, the flesh/seed ratio was found to be higher in thinning applications which resulted in bigger fruit, and especially, although having changed according to years, mis case was noticeable and sometimes significant in cvs. Redhaven and J.RHale. Despite the feet that WSS amount was dependent on thinning, in general, 2 fruits/shoot applications led to higher values. In some years and cvs, pH values had a partial tendency of rise when crop load increased, but mis tendency was not important, and it was not fixed in all cvs. Sometimes a partial rise took place in acidity values of the cvs. together with the increase in crop load. The values of firmness of fruit flesh did not result in a stable change according to the applications. Total and invert sugar amounts were not changed significantly, according to the applications, m the yield quantities per trunk cross sectional area and per tree, the applications which left more fruit, and mostly 4 and 5 fruits/shoot applications, resulted in me highest values. A negative relationship was found between fruit weight and yield in 8 year old trees, but having been more noticeable in cv. Early Red when vase training system was practised, a positive relationship was found out in 6 year old trees. In general the change in shoot length was not significantly decreased by the applications, but 5 fruits/shoot applications had a lower value in this respect. The number of shoot per unit length of shoot, decreased parallel to crop rise. The number of flower buds had a tendency of decrease when the number of fruit left on the branches increased, but this tendency was not remarkable in cv. Early Red. A remarkable difference dependent on thinning was not observed in the inner development of the fruits buds.
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Keywords
Şeftali, Seyreltme, Çiçek tomurcuğu, Peach, Thinning, Flower bud
Citation
Ertürk, Ü. (1998). Bazı şeftali çeşitlerinde meyve seyreltme sıklığının çiçek tomurcuklarının gelişimi, verimlilik ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.