Metafizik adlı eseri çerçevesinde Aristoteles'in Tanrı anlayışı
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Date
2010-01-08
Authors
Selçuk, Ahmet
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Aristoteles evrendeki varlıkları, madde ve form ile kuvve ve fiil ilişkisine bağlı olarak açıklamakla, varlık anlayışının çıkış noktası olarak gerçeklikler dünyasını belirlemiştir. Platon gibi idealar dünyası oluşturma gayretine hiç girmemiştir. O, realist bir tavır takınarak varlığı açıklamaya çalışmıştır. O, felsefi sistemini birbirlerine bağımlı olan görünür gerçeklikler üzerine kurmuştur. O, hareket, değişim, oluş ve bozuluş gibi olayları; maddenin sahip olduğu form ve fiil haliyle açıklamıştır. Aristoteles'in teolojisinin oluşmasında, görünür evrenden seçtiği Tanrı'yla ilişkili kavramların önemi büyüktür. Ona göre evrendeki tüm varlıklar belli bir amaç taşırlar. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için çaba harcarlar. Maddenin, form kazanma arzusuna sahip olması, saf form olan Tanrı'ya yönelmesi bu gayeliliğe bağlıdır. En altta, gerçekliği olmayan saf madde, en üstte Tanrı bulunur. Aristoteles'in Tanrı'sı evrenin dışındadır. Tanrı aynı zamanda bütün varlıkların gaye nedenidir. Aristoteles'in bu gayeci anlayışı, monoteist dinlerin Tanrı anlayışına en çok yaklaştığı noktadır. Bu yüzden olsa gerek hem İslam felsefesinde hem de Batı felsefesinde etkisi asırlarca sürmüştür. Onun Tanrı'sı ilk hareket ettiricidir. İlk neden ve son nedendir. Tanrı'nın evrene müdahalesi söz konusu değildir. Maddi unsurlarla ilgilenmesi Tanrı'nın mükemmelliğine zarar verir. Tanrı mükemmeldir, birdir, saf formdur, saf fiildir ve düşüncenin düşüncesidir. Bu yüzden onun Tanrı'sı hayattır, mutluluktur ve Tanrı en yüksek iyiliktir.
Aristotle establishes the world of realia as the point of origin of his understanding of existence by explaining the existence in the universe according to the relation of material and form with force and action. He never tries to form a world of idea, unlike Platon. He tries to explain existence in a realistic manner. He establishes his philosophic system on visible realia that are related with each other. He explains the events such as motion, change, genesis and corruption with the form and action that material has. The concepts that he chooses from the visible universe related to the God have a great importance in the composition of Aristotles teology. Accordig to him,each existance in the universe has a certain aim and endavours to realize this aim. The desire of the material about having a form and leading itself to the God, which is the pureform, are related to having this aim. The unreal pure material takes part at the bottom and the God at the top. The God of Aristotle is out of the universe. The God, by the way, is the reason of aim of all existence. This understandig of his is the point that it has in common at most with the understanding of God of monotheist religions. Most probabbly because of this reason, its effect lasted for centuries in both Islamic and Western philosophy. His God is the first one that let it start. It is the first and the last reason. There isnt any interference of the God to the universe. Being interested in materialistic factors damages the Gods perfection. The God is perfect, unique, pure form, pure action and the thought of thought. Because of this, his God means life, happiness and the God is the highest favour.
Aristotle establishes the world of realia as the point of origin of his understanding of existence by explaining the existence in the universe according to the relation of material and form with force and action. He never tries to form a world of idea, unlike Platon. He tries to explain existence in a realistic manner. He establishes his philosophic system on visible realia that are related with each other. He explains the events such as motion, change, genesis and corruption with the form and action that material has. The concepts that he chooses from the visible universe related to the God have a great importance in the composition of Aristotles teology. Accordig to him,each existance in the universe has a certain aim and endavours to realize this aim. The desire of the material about having a form and leading itself to the God, which is the pureform, are related to having this aim. The unreal pure material takes part at the bottom and the God at the top. The God of Aristotle is out of the universe. The God, by the way, is the reason of aim of all existence. This understandig of his is the point that it has in common at most with the understanding of God of monotheist religions. Most probabbly because of this reason, its effect lasted for centuries in both Islamic and Western philosophy. His God is the first one that let it start. It is the first and the last reason. There isnt any interference of the God to the universe. Being interested in materialistic factors damages the Gods perfection. The God is perfect, unique, pure form, pure action and the thought of thought. Because of this, his God means life, happiness and the God is the highest favour.
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Keywords
Aristoteles, Metafizik, Tanrı, Varlık, Töz, Oluş, Form, Neden, Aristotle, Genesis, God, Metaphysics, Existence, Substance, Cause
Citation
Selçuk, A. (2010). Metafizik adlı eseri çerçevesinde Aristoteles'in Tanrı anlayışı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.