Nilüfer Çayı havzası su kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve bazı parametrelerin QUAL2E modeli ile incelenmesi
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Date
2003-12-09
Authors
Küçükballı, Aslıhan
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Sosyoekonomik gelişme süreci içerisinde, suyun kısıtlayıcı bir unsur haline gelmemesi için su kalitesi yönetimi kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Su kaynaklannm kalite yönetimi ile ilgili mevcut bilgilerin değerlendirilmesinde ve ileriye dönük kararların alınmasında matematik modeller önemli bir mühendislik aracı olarak kullamlmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Nilüfer Çayına uygulanan QUAL2E modelinde, azot ve fosfor formları için kalibrasyon, doğruluk ve duyarlılık analizleri yapılmış ve modelin güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür. Model kullanımı için gerekli veriler, BUSKİ ile ortaklaşa yapılan su kalitesinin izlenmesi çalışmasından elde edilmiştir. Şubat 2002-Ocak 2003 tarihleri arasında on beş ölçüm istasyonundan numuneler alınmıştır. Alınan anlık numunelerde pH, sıcaklık, iletkenlik, Ç.O, BOİ5, KOİ, AKM, Ag, Al, As, B, Cd, Top Cr, Cu, Hg, Top Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn parametrelerinin analizleri BUSKÎ tarafından, NH4-N, NO3-N, TKN, Top N, PO4-P, Top P, Klorofü-a parametrelerinin analizleri U.Ü. Müh. Mim. Fak. Çevre Mühendisliği tarafından, Toplam koliform parametresi analizleri İl Hıfzısıhha Müdürlüğü tarafından yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlan, 04.09.1988 tarihli Su Kirliliği ve Kontrolü Yönetmeliği'ne göre değerlendirildiğinde Gümüştepe ve Kaplıkaya Deresi ölçüm istasyonları hariç olmak üzere diğer tüm ölçüm istasyonlarının 4. ve 3. su kalitesinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Su kalitesi yönetimi için havza bazında yönetimin gerekli olduğu düşünülmüştür. Gelecekte oluşturulabilecek havza bazında yönetime bir alt yapı çalışması olması ve şehrin en çok hangi bölgelerinin kirlilik yükü getirdiğini belirlemek amacıyla CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) yardımıyla Nilüfer Çayı Havzası dört alt havzaya ayrılmıştır. Havza arazi kullanım haritasına göre, her alt havza sınırlan içerisindeki kirlilik yükleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, endüstrinin yoğun olduğu ve aynı zamanda Doğu ve Batı Atıksu Antma Tesislerinin bulunduğu 1. ve 3. alt havzalann en çok kirlilik yükünü getirdikleri belirlenmiştir.
During socio-economical development process, water quality management has started to be considered as an important concept in order to prevent water to be a limiting element. Mathematical models have been used as important engineering instruments towards evaluating existing knowledge on quality management of water resources and taking decisions for future. In this study, model calibration, verification and sensitivity analyses for simulation of Nitorgen and Phosphorus forms in QUAL2E model that had been applied to Nilüfer Stream were performed and future water quality of Nilüfer Stream was predicted by developing various scenarios. Finally it has seen that the model can be used confidentially with this aim. The essential data for model application has been supplied from the collaborative water quality monitoring study with BUSKİ. The samples were collected from fifteen sample stations in February 2002- January 2003 period. pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, suspended matter, Ag, Al, As, B, Cd, total Cr, Cu, Hg, total Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn parameters were analyzed by BUSKİ; NH4-N, NO3-N, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, PO4-P, total P, chlorophyll-a parameters were analyzed by Uludağ University Engineering and Architecture Faculty Environmental Engineering Department; total coliform parameter were analyzed by Country Health institute for instantaneous samples that had been collected. When the results of these analyses were assessed according to the Water Pollution and Control Regulation dated 09.04.1988, the water quality of all sample stations except Gümüştepe and Kaplikaya Stream Branches were found to be at 3rd and 4th quality level. Management at basin level has been considered to be necessary for water quality management. Nilüfer Stream Basin was divided into four sub-basin the help of GIS (Geographical Information System) to identify the regions of the city which bring pollution load at most and to provide a basis for basin management that could be developed in the future. Pollution loads were determined for each sub-basin. This study showed that 1st and 3rd sub-basins, where north and east wastewater treatment plants located, bring the greatest pollution load.
During socio-economical development process, water quality management has started to be considered as an important concept in order to prevent water to be a limiting element. Mathematical models have been used as important engineering instruments towards evaluating existing knowledge on quality management of water resources and taking decisions for future. In this study, model calibration, verification and sensitivity analyses for simulation of Nitorgen and Phosphorus forms in QUAL2E model that had been applied to Nilüfer Stream were performed and future water quality of Nilüfer Stream was predicted by developing various scenarios. Finally it has seen that the model can be used confidentially with this aim. The essential data for model application has been supplied from the collaborative water quality monitoring study with BUSKİ. The samples were collected from fifteen sample stations in February 2002- January 2003 period. pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, suspended matter, Ag, Al, As, B, Cd, total Cr, Cu, Hg, total Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn parameters were analyzed by BUSKİ; NH4-N, NO3-N, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, PO4-P, total P, chlorophyll-a parameters were analyzed by Uludağ University Engineering and Architecture Faculty Environmental Engineering Department; total coliform parameter were analyzed by Country Health institute for instantaneous samples that had been collected. When the results of these analyses were assessed according to the Water Pollution and Control Regulation dated 09.04.1988, the water quality of all sample stations except Gümüştepe and Kaplikaya Stream Branches were found to be at 3rd and 4th quality level. Management at basin level has been considered to be necessary for water quality management. Nilüfer Stream Basin was divided into four sub-basin the help of GIS (Geographical Information System) to identify the regions of the city which bring pollution load at most and to provide a basis for basin management that could be developed in the future. Pollution loads were determined for each sub-basin. This study showed that 1st and 3rd sub-basins, where north and east wastewater treatment plants located, bring the greatest pollution load.
Description
Keywords
Nilüfer Çayı, Su kalitesi yönetimi, Su kalitesi modellemesi, QUAL2E, Azot - Fosfor simülasyonu, Kirlilik yükü, Nilüfer Stream, Water quality management, Water quality modelling, Nitrogen-Phosphorus simulation, Pollution load
Citation
Küçükballı, A. (2003). Nilüfer Çayı havzası su kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve bazı parametrelerin QUAL2E modeli ile incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.