Süt ineklerinde laktasyonun çeşitli evrelerinde ve kuru dönemde kandaki bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerdeki değişimler
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Date
2000
Authors
Polat, Ümit
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Sütçü inek yetiştiriciliği yapan çiftliklerde gerek klinik ve gerekse subklinik seyirli metabolik hastalıklardan dolayı, başta süt verimi olmak üzere önemli kayıplar meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kura dönem ve laktasyonun çeşitli evrelerindeki ineklerin metabolik profillerinde meydana gelen değişikliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Materyal olarak Karacabey Doğancı Çiftliğinde bulunan 80 adet sağlıklı, 4 yaşlı Holstein ırkı sütçü inek kullanıldı. İneklerin 20'si kura dönemde, geri kalanı laktasyon dönemindeydi. Laktasyon döneminin 48-51., 147-161. ve 180. ve sonraki günleri sırasıyla L, n. ve III. evre olarak değerlendirildi. Her laktasyon evresinde 20 inek bulunmaktaydı. Kura dönem ve laktasyonun üç evresinde kan örnekleri V. subcutanea abdominis'den, asepsi ve antisepsi kurallarına uyularak, EDTA'lı ve antikoagulantsız olmak üzere 2 ayrı tüpe alındı. EDTA'lı kanda glukoz analizi gerçekleştirildi. Antikoagulantsız tüplere alınan kanların serumları ayrıldı. Serum numunelerinde inorganik fosfor (İP) tayini yapıldı ve tüm numuneler diğer analizlerin gerçekleştirileceği güne kadar derin dondurucuda -20 °C'de saklandı. Serum örneklerinde total lipit, total kolesterol, total protein, ürik asit, üre, sodyum (Na),potasyum (K) ve kalsiyum (Ca) düzeyleri ve alkalen fosfataz (ALP) enzimi aktivitesi ölçüldü. Kuru dönem ve laktasyonun L, II. ve III. evrelerindeki ineklerde glukoz, total lipit, total kolesterol, total protein, ürik asit, üre, sodyum, potasyum, kalsiyum, inorganik fosfor konsantrasyonları ve alkalen fosfataz aktiviteleri sırasıyla 69.90, 51.35, 48.35 ve 45.45 mg/dl, 511.0, 561.50, 522.30 ve 373.95 mg/dl, 112.45, 215.0, 238.75 ve 222.75 mg/dl, 6.20, 7.63, 6.69 ve 6.14 g/dl, 1.94, 2.47, 2.34 ve 2.75 mg/dl, 21.05, 26.90, 27.70 ve 25.15 mg/dl, 137.15, 143.65, 148.65 ve 149.10 mEq/l, 5.88, 4.81, 4.80 ve 4.91 mEq/l, 9.50, 9.69, 10.36 ve 9.88 mg/dl, 6.16, 6.53, 6.14 ve 5.89 mg/dl ve 34.60, 36.65, 41.65 ve 42.70 U/l olarak saptandı. Tüm gruplara ait biyokimyasal kan parametrelerine uygulanan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre üre, ALP ve inorganik fosfor değerleri istatistiksel olarak önemli bir farklılık göstermedi. Glukoz, total lipit, total kolesterol, total protein, ürik asit, sodyum, potasyum ve kalsiyum değerlerinde ise p<0.001 düzeyinde önemli farklılık saptandı. İstatistiksel önemin hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test uygulandı. Glukoz, total kolesterol, potasyum konsantrasyonlarında kuru dönem ile laktasyonun I., II., III. evreleri arasında p<0.001, total lipit konsantrasyonlarında laktasyonun III. evresi ile kuru dönem, laktasyonun I., II. evreleri arasında p<0.001, total protein değerlerinde kuru dönem ile laktasyonun I. evresi ve laktasyonun I. ile III. evresi arasında p<0.001, laktasyonun I. ile II. evresi arasında p^O.Ol, ürik asit konsantrasyonlarında kurudönem ile laktasyonun I., III. evreleri arasında p<0.001, sodyum konsantrasyonlannda kura dönem ile laktasyonun II., III. evreleri arasında p<0.001, kalsiyum konsantrasyonlannda kuru dönem ile laktasyonun II. evresi arasında p<0.001, laktasyonun I. ile II. evreleri arasında p<0.01düzeyinde önemli farklılık saptandı. Bu çalışmada kuru dönem ve laktasyonun L, n. ve III. evresinde bulunan ineklerde bazı biyokimyasal kan parametrelerine ait değerler sunuldu. Elde edilen sonuçlar kuru dönem ve çeşitli laktasyon evrelerinin ineklerde incelenen çoğu parametreyi etkilediğini gösterdi. Gebelik, kuru dönem ve laktasyon gibi çeşitli fizyolojik durumlar ineklerde metabolik değişikliklere sebep olmaktadır. Yüksek verimli ve sağlıklı inekler yetiştirmek için hayvanların fizyolojik durumları ve metabolik profilleri göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları ileride yapılacak araştırmalarda referans olarak kullanılabilecektir.
Important losses, especially in milk yield have occured in dairy cow breeding farms due to clinical and subclinical metabolic diseases. In the present research, it was aimed to determine the changes in the metabolic profile of the cows both in dry period and various stages of lactation period. Eighty healthy, four years old Holstein dairy cows bred in Karacabey Doğancı Farm were used as material. Twenty of them were in dry period and the rest were in lactation period. Between the days 48-5 1st, 147-161st and 180. and over of lactation period were accepted as first, second and third stage, respectively. There were 20 cows in each lactation stage. Blood samples were taken into two tubes, one contained EDTA and the other had no anticoagulant, from V.subcutenea abdominis of each cow under hygienic conditions in dry period and three stages of lactations. Blood glucose levels were first determined in blood with EDTA. Sera were then separated and'' immediately after separation, inorganic phoshorus (IP) levels were measured and the rest sera were kept in deep freeze (-20 C) until further analyses. Total lipid, total cholesterol, total protein, urea, uric acid, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) levels and alkalen 4phosphatase (ALP) activity were determined in sera samples. Glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus concentrations and ALP activities were found for dry period, L, II., III. stages of lactation period as 69.90, 51.35, 48.35 and 45.45 mg/dl, 511.0, 561.50, 522.30 and 373.95 mg/dl, 112.45, 215.0, 238.75 and 222.75 mg/dl, 6.20, 7.63, 6.69 and 6.14 g/dl, 1.94, 2.47, 2.34 and 2.75 mg/dl, 21.05, 26.90, 27.70 and 25.15 mg/dl, 137.15, 143.65, 148.65 and 149.10 mEq/1, 5.88, 4.81, 4.80 and 4.91 mEq/1, 9.50, 9.69, 10.36 and 9.88 mg/dl, 6.16, 6.53, 6.14 and 5.89 mg/dl and 34.60, 36.65, 41.65 and 42.70 U/l, respectively. According to variance analyses, which were performed for biochemical parameters of all groups, urea, ALP and inorganic phosphorus values had no statistically significant differences. Significant differences (p^O.OOl) were determined for glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, sodium, potassium and calcium values. Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Tests were done to determine which groups had differences, statistically. In glucose, total cholesterol and potassium concentrations, statistically significant differences (p^O.OOl) were determined between dry period and I., II., III. stages of lactation. In total lipid concentrations, significant differences (p<0.001) were determined between III. stage of lactation and dry period, I., II. stages of lactation. In total protein values, differences were found in the level of p<0.001 between dry period and I. stage of lactation and between I. and III. stages of lactation, but they were found as p<0.01 between I. and II. stages of lactation. Significant differences (p<0.001) were determined in uric acid values between dryperiod and I., HI. stages of lactation. Sodium concentrations had significantly differences (p<0.001) between dry period and H, HI. stages of lactation. Calcium values had significantly differences between dry period and II. stage of lactation at the levels of p^O.001, and between I. and H stages of lactation at the levels of p<0.01. In the present study, the values of biochemical blood parameters of cows in dry period, L, II. and III. stages of lactation period were presented. The results indicate that dry period and stages of lactation have an effect on most of the parameters studied in cows. Various physiological conditions such as pregnancy, dry period, lactation cause metabolic changes in cows. Physiological conditions and metabolic profiles of cows must be considered for breeding high yielding and healthy dairy cows. The results of the present study could be used as a reference for further researches.
Important losses, especially in milk yield have occured in dairy cow breeding farms due to clinical and subclinical metabolic diseases. In the present research, it was aimed to determine the changes in the metabolic profile of the cows both in dry period and various stages of lactation period. Eighty healthy, four years old Holstein dairy cows bred in Karacabey Doğancı Farm were used as material. Twenty of them were in dry period and the rest were in lactation period. Between the days 48-5 1st, 147-161st and 180. and over of lactation period were accepted as first, second and third stage, respectively. There were 20 cows in each lactation stage. Blood samples were taken into two tubes, one contained EDTA and the other had no anticoagulant, from V.subcutenea abdominis of each cow under hygienic conditions in dry period and three stages of lactations. Blood glucose levels were first determined in blood with EDTA. Sera were then separated and'' immediately after separation, inorganic phoshorus (IP) levels were measured and the rest sera were kept in deep freeze (-20 C) until further analyses. Total lipid, total cholesterol, total protein, urea, uric acid, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) levels and alkalen 4phosphatase (ALP) activity were determined in sera samples. Glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus concentrations and ALP activities were found for dry period, L, II., III. stages of lactation period as 69.90, 51.35, 48.35 and 45.45 mg/dl, 511.0, 561.50, 522.30 and 373.95 mg/dl, 112.45, 215.0, 238.75 and 222.75 mg/dl, 6.20, 7.63, 6.69 and 6.14 g/dl, 1.94, 2.47, 2.34 and 2.75 mg/dl, 21.05, 26.90, 27.70 and 25.15 mg/dl, 137.15, 143.65, 148.65 and 149.10 mEq/1, 5.88, 4.81, 4.80 and 4.91 mEq/1, 9.50, 9.69, 10.36 and 9.88 mg/dl, 6.16, 6.53, 6.14 and 5.89 mg/dl and 34.60, 36.65, 41.65 and 42.70 U/l, respectively. According to variance analyses, which were performed for biochemical parameters of all groups, urea, ALP and inorganic phosphorus values had no statistically significant differences. Significant differences (p^O.OOl) were determined for glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, sodium, potassium and calcium values. Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Tests were done to determine which groups had differences, statistically. In glucose, total cholesterol and potassium concentrations, statistically significant differences (p^O.OOl) were determined between dry period and I., II., III. stages of lactation. In total lipid concentrations, significant differences (p<0.001) were determined between III. stage of lactation and dry period, I., II. stages of lactation. In total protein values, differences were found in the level of p<0.001 between dry period and I. stage of lactation and between I. and III. stages of lactation, but they were found as p<0.01 between I. and II. stages of lactation. Significant differences (p<0.001) were determined in uric acid values between dryperiod and I., HI. stages of lactation. Sodium concentrations had significantly differences (p<0.001) between dry period and H, HI. stages of lactation. Calcium values had significantly differences between dry period and II. stage of lactation at the levels of p^O.001, and between I. and H stages of lactation at the levels of p<0.01. In the present study, the values of biochemical blood parameters of cows in dry period, L, II. and III. stages of lactation period were presented. The results indicate that dry period and stages of lactation have an effect on most of the parameters studied in cows. Various physiological conditions such as pregnancy, dry period, lactation cause metabolic changes in cows. Physiological conditions and metabolic profiles of cows must be considered for breeding high yielding and healthy dairy cows. The results of the present study could be used as a reference for further researches.
Description
Keywords
İnek, Kan, Kuru, Biyokimya, Laktasyon, Cow, Biochemistry, Blood, Dry, Lactation
Citation
Polat, Ü. (2000). Süt ineklerinde laktasyonun çeşitli evrelerinde ve kuru dönemde kandaki bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerdeki değişimler. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.