İznik yöresinde değişik su kaynakları ile sulanan toprakların verimlilik durumlarının incelenmesi
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Date
2001
Authors
Turan, Murat Ali
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bursa ili İznik ve Orhangazi yöresinde değişik su kaynaklarıyla sulanan topraklarının verimlilik durumlarını ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla sulamadan önce ve sulamadan sonra olmak üzere 2 dönemde toprak ve su örnekleri alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, sulama suyu kaynaklarına göre İznik yöresinden 28, Orhangazi yöresinden 12 olmak üzere toplam 40 toprak örneği ve bu toprakların sulanmasında kullanılan su kaynaklarından göl suyundan 10, akarsulardan 3 ve artezyenlerden 3 olmak üzere toplam 16 su örneği alınmıştır. Göl suyunun ve artezyenin EC değerleri akarsuyun EC değerinden yüksek bulunmuştur. Göl suyu haricindeki su kaynaklarının EC değerleri sulama mevsiminden sonra artmıştır. Göl suyunun pH, toplam anyon ve katyon değerleri diğer su kaynaklarınkinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Su kaynaklan sulama suyu kalitesi yönünden, akarsu için C2Sı, göl suyu ve artezyen için Cî Sj olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Genel olarak toprakların tekstür sınıflarının killi tın olduğu ve kireç kapsamlarının da kireçsiz ile az kireçli arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Toprakların organik madde kapsamları düşük ile orta düzey arasında değişmektedir. Artezyen ile sulanan toprakların pH ve EC değerleri her iki dönemde de diğer su kaynaklan ile sulanan toprakların pH ve EC değerlerinde fazla bulunmuştur. pH değerleri arasında her iki dönem arasında bir fark belirlenemezken EC değerleri sulamadan sonra artmıştır. Orhangazi yöresi topraklarının EC değerleri İznik yöresi topraklarının EC değerlerinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur ve her iki dönemde de toprakların tuz kapsamlarının tuzsuz ile orta tuzlu arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm toprakların azot kapsamları yeter düzeydedir. Araştırma topraklan sulanmayan topraklar hariç fazla miktarda fosfor kapsamaktadırlar. Potasyum kapsamlarına göre, Orhangazi yöresi topraklan yeter ve fazla düzeydeyken İznik yöresi topraklan genelde yeter düzeydedir. Potasyum kapsamları her iki yörede de sulamadan sonra artış göstermiştir. Genel olarak Orhangazi yöresi topraklan sırasıyla fazla ve yeter düzeyde kalsiyum ve magnezyum içermektedirler. İznik yöresi topraklarının kalsiyum ve magnezyum kapsamları genelde fazla düzeydedir. Ek olarak tüm toprakların kalsiyum ve magnezyum kapsamlarının sulamadan sonra düştüğü belirlenmiştir. İznik yöresinde sadece göl suyu ile Orhangazi yöresinde ise göl suyu ve artezyen suyu ile sulanan alanlarda sulamadan önce ve sonra belirlenen sodyum kapsamları yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada bütün toprak örneklerinin çinko, bor, bakır, mangan gibi mikroelement durumları da her iki dönem için belirlenmiştir.
Soil and water samples were taken before and after the irrigation in order to determine the fertility levels of the soils, which are irrigated various water sources (Lake water, Shallow well, Creek water) around İznik and Orhangazi region at Bursa. For this aim, 28 and 12 totally 40 soil samples were taken due to irrigation water sources from İznik and Orhangazi region, respectively. 10 from lake, 3 from shallow well and 3 from creek, totally 16 water samples which are used for irrigation of sampled soils were also taken. EC values of lake water and shallow well were found higher than EC values of the creek water. EC values of the water sources increased after the irrigation season except the lake water. pH, total anion and cation values of the lake water were determined (as the highest in the study area) higher than ali other water sources in the study area. irrigation water qualities of the water sources have been classified as C2S1 for the creek water and C3S1 ft>r the lake and shallow well water. In general, the textures of the soils were determined to be clay loam and lime contents are between limeless and low lime. The organic mater contents vary betvveen low and moderate levels. The pH and EC values o f the soils irrigated by the shallow well were found higher than the others in both two sampling periods. The EC values increased after the irrigation while any differences were not determined at pH values among two sampling periods. The EC values o f Orhangazi soils were higher than İznik soils and the salinity were determined between nonsaline and moderately şaline for both regions. Nitrogen were found adequate at ali soil samples. Researched soils have high phosphorus levels except nonirrigated soils. According to the potassium levels, İznik soils were generally in adequate level while Orhangazi soils were in adequate or higher than adequate level. Potassium increased after the irrigation season in both regions. In general, Orhangazi soils have high and adequate level of the calcium and magnesium, respectively. Calcium and magnesium levels of the İznik soils were generally high. In addition calcium and magnesium levels of ali the soil samples were determined to be decreased after the irrigation. Natrium contents were found as high level before and after the irrigation at İznik soils, which are irrigated with only lake water and Orhangazi soils which are irrigated with lake water and shallow well. In this research, micronutrients i.e. zinc, boron, copper, manganese status of ali the soil samples have also been investigated for both periods.
Soil and water samples were taken before and after the irrigation in order to determine the fertility levels of the soils, which are irrigated various water sources (Lake water, Shallow well, Creek water) around İznik and Orhangazi region at Bursa. For this aim, 28 and 12 totally 40 soil samples were taken due to irrigation water sources from İznik and Orhangazi region, respectively. 10 from lake, 3 from shallow well and 3 from creek, totally 16 water samples which are used for irrigation of sampled soils were also taken. EC values of lake water and shallow well were found higher than EC values of the creek water. EC values of the water sources increased after the irrigation season except the lake water. pH, total anion and cation values of the lake water were determined (as the highest in the study area) higher than ali other water sources in the study area. irrigation water qualities of the water sources have been classified as C2S1 for the creek water and C3S1 ft>r the lake and shallow well water. In general, the textures of the soils were determined to be clay loam and lime contents are between limeless and low lime. The organic mater contents vary betvveen low and moderate levels. The pH and EC values o f the soils irrigated by the shallow well were found higher than the others in both two sampling periods. The EC values increased after the irrigation while any differences were not determined at pH values among two sampling periods. The EC values o f Orhangazi soils were higher than İznik soils and the salinity were determined between nonsaline and moderately şaline for both regions. Nitrogen were found adequate at ali soil samples. Researched soils have high phosphorus levels except nonirrigated soils. According to the potassium levels, İznik soils were generally in adequate level while Orhangazi soils were in adequate or higher than adequate level. Potassium increased after the irrigation season in both regions. In general, Orhangazi soils have high and adequate level of the calcium and magnesium, respectively. Calcium and magnesium levels of the İznik soils were generally high. In addition calcium and magnesium levels of ali the soil samples were determined to be decreased after the irrigation. Natrium contents were found as high level before and after the irrigation at İznik soils, which are irrigated with only lake water and Orhangazi soils which are irrigated with lake water and shallow well. In this research, micronutrients i.e. zinc, boron, copper, manganese status of ali the soil samples have also been investigated for both periods.
Description
Keywords
İznik ve Orhangazi yöresi, Verimlilik durumu, Su kalitesi, İznik and Orhangazi regions, Fertility status, Water quality
Citation
Turan, M. A. (2001). İznik yöresinde değişik su kaynakları ile sulanan toprakların verimlilik durumlarının incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.