Eskikaraağaç Köyü evsel atıksularının dip akışlı yapay sulakalan arıtma yöntemiyle arıtılması
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Date
2006
Authors
Saraçoğlu, Serap
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Doğal sulakalanların su kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi üzerine pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, doğal sulakalanlardan esinlenerek atıksuların arıtılması için yapay sulakalan sistemleri tasarlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Yapay sulakalanlar, akış özelliklerine göre; dip akışlı ve yüzey akışlı olmak üzere iki şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, arıtma sistemleri olarak yapay sulakalan sistemleri, özellikleri ve yurtdışında yapılmış olan çeşitli sulakalan arıtması uygulama çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Dünyada uygulanan yapay sulakalan arıtma sistemleri uygulamalarının ışığında, bölgemizde uygulamaya alınan pilot ölçekli dip akışlı yapay sulakalan arıtma sisteminin su kalitesini iyileştirme verimliliği araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada uygulama alanı olarak Eskikaraağaç köyü seçilmiştir. Köye ait evsel atıksuların arıtılması için, dip akışlı yapay sulakalan arıtma sistemi seçilerek, sistemin mühendislik tasarımı Köy Hizmetleri Bölge Müdürlüğü’nce yapılmıştır. Uluabat gölü kıyısında yer alan sisteme, inşaatı tamamlandıktan sonra bitki ekimi yapılmıştır. Sisteme ekimi yapılan bitkiler, yöreye ait bitkiler olup sistemin yanındaki Uluabat gölü’nden alınan, saz (Typha) cinsi bitkilerdir. Sistemde bitki ekim işleminin tamamlanmasından sonra bir senelik izleme periyodu ile sistem girişinden ve arıtma sonrası, sistem çıkışından numuneler alınmış ve atıksuların analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde; su sıcaklığı, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik ve çözünmüş oksijen değerleri ile askıda katı madde, toplam katı madde, biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, azot, fosfor fraksiyonları ile koliform parametrelerine bakılmıştır. Kirletici parametrelerine ait giderim verimleri, azot için %30-60, fosfor için %10-40, BOI için %35-85, katı madde için %20-80 ve toplam koliform % 60-70 arası bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler ve araştırmalar sonrasında evsel atıksulardan kirletici parametrelerin giderimi için, dip akışlı yapay sulakalan arıtma sistemlerinin güvenilir ve verimli sistemler oldukları gözlenmiştir. Bu sistemlerin yapım maliyetleri ve bakım masrafları, konvensiyonel arıtma sistemlerine göre çok daha düşüktür. Doğal çevreyle bütünlük sağlayan sistemlerdir ve peyzajı artırmaktadırlar. Bu nedenlerle küçük nüfuslu yerleşim yerleri için evsel atıksuların arıtımında güvenle kullanılabilecekleri belirtilebilir.
It is reported that there are so many research completed so far on improving water quality in natural wetland areas, which is resulted in envision and then application of “constructed wetlands systems” in order to clean waste waters. Based on flowing characteristics, the related constructed wetlands are designed as “subsurface flow” ones and “surface flow” ones. In this study, constructed wetland treatment systems and their characteristics as well as certain studies done abroad on the application of these related systems are examined. Additionally, in the light of constructed wetland treatment system applications all over the world, it is searched how a pilot project on “subsurface flow constructed wetland treatment systems” applied in our region affects the efficiency of water quality improvement. This pilot project is applied in Eskikaraağaç village. As stated above, subsurface flow constructed wetland treatment system engineered by Village Affairs Regional Directorate is chosen to treat the domestic wastewaters in this village. As soon as completing the establishment of this treatment system near Lake Uluabat, certain kinds of plants as a part of vegetation process of the system are sowed around. The plants are mostly peculiar to the region, called Typha. After vegetation completed, samples are taken before and after treatment process throughout 1 year follow up period and then the required waste water analysis are conducted accordingly to check water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) as well as dissolved oxygen levels, pending solid substance, biological oxygen needs, chemical oxygen needs and nitrogen, phosphorus, coliform parameters. Based on the results, eliminating rates of contaminating parameters in domestic waste waters are reported as 30-60% for nitrogen, 10-40% for phosphorus, 35-85% for BOI, 20-80% for solid substance and 60-70% for total coliform, as indicators of the efficiency of the related treatment system. As a result of the related research and analysis, it is seen that “subsurface flow costructed wetland treatment systems” are quite efficient and reliable ones to eliminate contaminating parameters from domestic wastewaters. Moreover, it is proved that these systems are much more economical in terms of establishment and maintenance costs than conventional treatment systems. Also, due to their running procedures convenient with natural environment, “subsurface flow constructed wetland treatment systems” can be used reliably for treatment domestic wastewaters in small settlements.
It is reported that there are so many research completed so far on improving water quality in natural wetland areas, which is resulted in envision and then application of “constructed wetlands systems” in order to clean waste waters. Based on flowing characteristics, the related constructed wetlands are designed as “subsurface flow” ones and “surface flow” ones. In this study, constructed wetland treatment systems and their characteristics as well as certain studies done abroad on the application of these related systems are examined. Additionally, in the light of constructed wetland treatment system applications all over the world, it is searched how a pilot project on “subsurface flow constructed wetland treatment systems” applied in our region affects the efficiency of water quality improvement. This pilot project is applied in Eskikaraağaç village. As stated above, subsurface flow constructed wetland treatment system engineered by Village Affairs Regional Directorate is chosen to treat the domestic wastewaters in this village. As soon as completing the establishment of this treatment system near Lake Uluabat, certain kinds of plants as a part of vegetation process of the system are sowed around. The plants are mostly peculiar to the region, called Typha. After vegetation completed, samples are taken before and after treatment process throughout 1 year follow up period and then the required waste water analysis are conducted accordingly to check water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) as well as dissolved oxygen levels, pending solid substance, biological oxygen needs, chemical oxygen needs and nitrogen, phosphorus, coliform parameters. Based on the results, eliminating rates of contaminating parameters in domestic waste waters are reported as 30-60% for nitrogen, 10-40% for phosphorus, 35-85% for BOI, 20-80% for solid substance and 60-70% for total coliform, as indicators of the efficiency of the related treatment system. As a result of the related research and analysis, it is seen that “subsurface flow costructed wetland treatment systems” are quite efficient and reliable ones to eliminate contaminating parameters from domestic wastewaters. Moreover, it is proved that these systems are much more economical in terms of establishment and maintenance costs than conventional treatment systems. Also, due to their running procedures convenient with natural environment, “subsurface flow constructed wetland treatment systems” can be used reliably for treatment domestic wastewaters in small settlements.
Description
Keywords
Doğal sulakalanlar, Yapay sulakalan arıtımı, Evsel atıksu arıtımı, Su kalitesi, Vejetasyon, Natural wetlands, Constructed wetland treatment, Domestic waste water treatment, Water quality, Vegetation
Citation
Saraçoğlu, S. (2006). Eskikaraağaç Köyü evsel atıksularının dip akışlı yapay sulakalan arıtma yöntemiyle arıtılması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.