Berkeley'de cisimsel töz eleştirisi
Loading...
Files
Date
2017-06-08
Authors
Çebi, Cengiz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
George Berkeley erken modern dönem deneyciliğinin üç önemli düşünüründen biridir. Bu çalışma Berkeley'nin cisimsel töz kavramına getirdiği ayrıntılı çözümleme ve eleştiri çevresinde, felsefesindeki temel kavram ve tezlerin anlamlarını belirgin kılmayı, yaklaşımına ve vardığı sonuçlara eleştirel bir yorum getirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Öncelikle Berkeley'nin ortaya koyduğu özgün algı kuramının kendisinden önceki felsefe geleneğiyle olan bağı incelenmiştir. Ardından kendinden önceki felsefe çizgisine yönelttiği eleştiriyle belirlenen negatif tezleri ortaya konmuştur. Ve son olarak dinsel kavramlar yoluyla oluşturduğu pozitif tezlerinin gerek o gün gerekse günümüz genel bakışındaki yeri ele alınmış, buna dayalı olarak da modern felsefenin Berkeley örneği üzerinden bir eleştirisi yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Giriş Bölümü'nde cisimsel töz-ruhsal töz tartışmasının 18. Yüzyıla kadarki tarihsel arka planı ve Descartes, Locke ve Berkeley felsefelerinde almış olduğu son şekli yer almıştır.Birinci Bölüm'de Berkeley felsefesinin genel yapısı, programı ve temel tezleri ortaya konmuştur. İkinci Bölüm Berkeley'nin Locke'un konuyla ilgili tezlerine yöneltmiş olduğu eleştirilerini ele almıştır. Üçüncü Bölüm Berkeley'nin cisimsel töz kavramına getirdiği eleştiri ile belirlenmiş olan tanrı anlayışını incelemiştir. Sonuç Bölümü'nde ise önce düşünürün negatif tezlerindeki güçlülük, ardından pozitif tezindeki zayıflık üzerinde durulmuştur. Burada bu zayıflığın düşünürün içinde yer almış olduğu ve skolastik geleneğin kodlarını terk edememiş olan modern felsefe yapma alışkanlığından kaynaklandığına işaret edilmiştir. Devam etmiş olan bu eğilimin ise günümüz negatif eleştiri kültüründeki rolüne dikkat çekilmiştir.
George Berkeley is one of three important thinkers of early modern period empiricism. This study aims, in the context of the detailed analysis and criticism that Berkeley brings to the concept of material substance, to have a clear meaning of the basic concepts and theses in his philosophy and to give a critical comment on the approach he took and the conclusions he reached. It is intended first to show the status of the relation between the unique theory of perception put forth by Berkeley and the tradition of philosophy before him. Then his negative theses determined by criticisms he addressed to the philosophy before him have been put forth. And finally, the positive theses he formed with religious concepts have been examined in the general perspectives of his and our time, making a critique of the modern philosophy in the case of Berkeley. To this end, in the introductory chapter the historical background of the material substance-spiritual substance controversy up to 18th century and the shape it took in the philosophies of Descartes, Locke and Berkeley took place. In the first chapter the general structure of Berkeley's philosophy, its program and its basic theses have been put forth. The second chapter deals with the critiques Berkeley directed to Locke's theses related to the subject. The third chapter has examined Berkeley's conception of god determined by his criticism to the concept of material substance. In the conclusion section first the strength of Berkeley's negative theses, then the weakness of his positive theses have been emphasized. It was noted here that this weakness was caused by the habits of the philosophizing of modern period which was not able to abandon the codes of scholastic tradition. And then the significant role this continuing tendency has been still playing in the contemporary culture of negative criticism has been called to attention.
George Berkeley is one of three important thinkers of early modern period empiricism. This study aims, in the context of the detailed analysis and criticism that Berkeley brings to the concept of material substance, to have a clear meaning of the basic concepts and theses in his philosophy and to give a critical comment on the approach he took and the conclusions he reached. It is intended first to show the status of the relation between the unique theory of perception put forth by Berkeley and the tradition of philosophy before him. Then his negative theses determined by criticisms he addressed to the philosophy before him have been put forth. And finally, the positive theses he formed with religious concepts have been examined in the general perspectives of his and our time, making a critique of the modern philosophy in the case of Berkeley. To this end, in the introductory chapter the historical background of the material substance-spiritual substance controversy up to 18th century and the shape it took in the philosophies of Descartes, Locke and Berkeley took place. In the first chapter the general structure of Berkeley's philosophy, its program and its basic theses have been put forth. The second chapter deals with the critiques Berkeley directed to Locke's theses related to the subject. The third chapter has examined Berkeley's conception of god determined by his criticism to the concept of material substance. In the conclusion section first the strength of Berkeley's negative theses, then the weakness of his positive theses have been emphasized. It was noted here that this weakness was caused by the habits of the philosophizing of modern period which was not able to abandon the codes of scholastic tradition. And then the significant role this continuing tendency has been still playing in the contemporary culture of negative criticism has been called to attention.
Description
Keywords
Dış dünya, Cisimsel töz, Ruh, Zihin, İde, Soyut ideler, Birincil ve ikincil nitelikler, Algı, Varlık, Tanrı, Modern felsefe, External World, Material Substance, Spirit, Mind, Idea, Abstract Ideas, Primary and secondary qualities, Perception, Existence, God, Modern Philosophy
Citation
Çebi, C. (2017). Berkeley'de cisimsel töz eleştirisi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.