Gökkuşağı alabalığı (oncorynchus mykiss) rasyonlarında farklı protein ve yağ düzeyleri ile yağ çeşitlerinin besi performansı ve vücut bileşimine etkileri
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Date
1999-03-15
Authors
Bilgüven, Murat
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Araştırmada gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorynchus mykiss) rasyonlarında farklı protein düzeyleri (% 35 ve % 45) ve yağ düzeyleri (% 10 ve % 20) ile yağ çeşitlerinin (soya yağı, keten yağı, iç yağ ve balık yağı) alabalıkların ortalama canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, proteinden yararlanma oranı (PER), özel büyüme oranı (SGR), kondisyon faktörü, karkas bileşimi ve iç organ ağırlığının toplam vücut ağırlığına oranı gibi çeşitli özellikler araştırılmıştır. Denemede ortalama canlı ağırlığı 17.30-17.70 g arasında değişen 4800 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı yavrusu kullanılmış ve deneme 12 hafta sürmüştür. Deneme % 45 ve % 35 protein düzeyleri ile % 10 ve % 20 yağ düzeylerinde soya, keten, iç yağ ve balık yağının kullanıldığı 16 gruptan oluşturulmuş ve deneme faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar; besi boyunca farklı protein ve yağ düzeylerinin balıkların ortalama canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, özel büyüme oranı ve karkas bileşimi üzerindeki etkisinin önemli olduğunu göstermektedir (P< 0.01). Buna karşılık kondisyon faktörü ve iç organ ağırlığının toplam vücut ağırlığına oranı farklılıklarının ise önemli olmadığı saptanmıştır. Yemdeki protein oranının artışına bağlı olarak ortalama canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yemden yararlanma yeteneği, özel büyüme oranı ve karkas protein içeriğinin arttığı, yem tüketimi, proteinden yararlanma oranı, karkasta su, ham yağ ve ham kül içeriğinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Yağ düzeyindeki artış sonucunda; ortalama canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yemden yararlanma yeteneği, proteinden yararlanma oranı, özel büyüme oranı ile karkasta ham yağ içeriği artmış, yem tüketimi, karkasta su ve ham protein içeriği azalmıştır.73 Besi boyunca yağ çeşitlerinin ortalama canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, proteinden yararlanma oranı ve özel büyüme oranı üzerine etkisinin önemli olduğu (P< 0.01 ), ancak kondisyon faktörü, iç organ ağırlığının toplam vücut ağırlığına oranı ve karkas bileşimi üzerine etkisinin ise önemli olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ortalama canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve özel büyüme oranı üzerine en olumlu etkiyi balık yağı, en olumsuz etkiyi ise rasyonda iç yağın kullanılması sonucunda elde edildiği belirlenmiştir.
In this research, the effects of different dietary protein levels ( 35 % and 45 %), fat levels (10 % and 20 %), and kinds (soybean oil, linseed oil, tallow and fish oil) on the average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor, carcass composition and the ratio of internal organs weight to total body weight of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) was investigated. Animal material of the research was 4800 rainbow trout juveniles with average weights ranging between 17.30 and 17.70 g. The research period was 12 weeks. 16 combinations composed of three factors (dietary protein levels, dietary fat levels and oil kinds) were used in each application with three replicates of factorial experimental design. The results obtained from experiments indicated that different dietary protein and fat levels had affected the average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass composition significantly (P<0,01). On the other hand, differences between condition factor and the ratio of internal organs weight to total body weight was found insignificant. Depending upon the increase of the dietary protein level, it was determined that average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, specific growth rate and crude protein content of carcass were increased, water, crude lipid and crude ash content of carcass were decreased. As fat levels of diets were increased, live weight, live weight gain, feed conversion, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and crude lipid content of carcass were increased, but feed consumption, water and crude protein contents were decreased.75 During fattening period, it was found out that the effects of fat kinds on the average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate were significant, however effects on condition factor and the ratio of internal organs weight to total body weight, were insignificant. It was determined that the best result from the point of effects on live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate had been obtained with fish oil, the worst result with tallow.
In this research, the effects of different dietary protein levels ( 35 % and 45 %), fat levels (10 % and 20 %), and kinds (soybean oil, linseed oil, tallow and fish oil) on the average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor, carcass composition and the ratio of internal organs weight to total body weight of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) was investigated. Animal material of the research was 4800 rainbow trout juveniles with average weights ranging between 17.30 and 17.70 g. The research period was 12 weeks. 16 combinations composed of three factors (dietary protein levels, dietary fat levels and oil kinds) were used in each application with three replicates of factorial experimental design. The results obtained from experiments indicated that different dietary protein and fat levels had affected the average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass composition significantly (P<0,01). On the other hand, differences between condition factor and the ratio of internal organs weight to total body weight was found insignificant. Depending upon the increase of the dietary protein level, it was determined that average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, specific growth rate and crude protein content of carcass were increased, water, crude lipid and crude ash content of carcass were decreased. As fat levels of diets were increased, live weight, live weight gain, feed conversion, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and crude lipid content of carcass were increased, but feed consumption, water and crude protein contents were decreased.75 During fattening period, it was found out that the effects of fat kinds on the average live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate were significant, however effects on condition factor and the ratio of internal organs weight to total body weight, were insignificant. It was determined that the best result from the point of effects on live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate had been obtained with fish oil, the worst result with tallow.
Description
Keywords
Gökkuşağı alabalığı, Yem protein düzeyi, Yem yağ düzeyi, Yağ çeşitleri, Besi performansı, Karkas bileşimi, Rainbow trout, Dietary protein level, Dietary fat level, Fats, Fattening performance, Carcass composition
Citation
Bilgüven, M. (1999). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (oncorynchus mykiss) rasyonlarında farklı protein ve yağ düzeyleri ile yağ çeşitlerinin besi performansı ve vücut bileşimine etkileri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.