Etlik damızlıklarda farklı yaş ve yumurta ağırlığı ile yumurta kalitesi, lipit kompozisyonu ve kuluçka sonuçları arasındaki ilişkiler
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Date
2007-04-05
Authors
Dikmen, Bilgehan Yılmaz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma etlik damızlıklarda farklı yaş dönemlerindeki yumurta ağırlığı ile yumurta kalitesi, lipit kompozisyonu ve kuluçka sonuçları arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Ross 308 et tipi damızlık sürünün 28, 45 ve 65. haftalık yaş dönemlerinde elde edilen yumurtalar araştırma materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Toplanan yumurtalar ağır ve hafif olmak üzere iki ağırlık sınıfına ayrılmıştır. Yumurtanın iç ve dış kalite özelliklerinin saptanması amacıyla her bir yaş dönemi ve her iki ağırlık grubu için toplam 120 adet yumurta ayrılmıştır. Kuluçka parametrelerinin saptanması amacıyla her bir yaş dönemi ve iki ağırlık sınıfı için 1800 yumurta ayrılmıştır. Her bir yaş dönemi için her biri 150 adet yumurta içeren 12 kuluçka yükleme tepsisi kullanılmıştır. Her bir yükleme tepsisi 1 tekerrür olarak kabul edilmiştir. 28, 45 ve 65 haftalık yaş dönemlerinde 6'sı ağır ve 6'sı hafif olacak şekilde her bir yaş döneminde 12 adet yumurta kolesterol ve yağ asidi içeriklerinin belirlenmesi için ayrılmış, analizi yapılan yumurta sayısı toplam 36 adet olmuştur. Yumurta kolesterolü ile kan kolesterolü arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için, aynı sürüden 28 haftalık yaşta rastgele 20 adet tavuk seçilerek kanat numarası takılmıştır. Araştırma materyali olarak kan örnekleri aynı tavuklardan 28, 45 ve 65. haftalarda alınmıştır. Yumurta ve kan örneklerinin elde edildiği broiler damızlık sürü civciv başlama yemi (%20 HP, 2750 ME) ile 6 haftalık yaşa kadar, civciv büyütme yemi (%15 HP, 2630 ME) ile 6- 15 haftalık yaş, yumurta öncesi yemi (%15 HP, 2750 ME) ile 15-21 haftalık yaş ve yumurta yemi (%16 HP, 2750 ME) ile 22-65 haftalık yaş döneminde beslenmiştir. Su ad libitum sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada artan sürü yaşı ile birlikte yumurta ağırlığı, kabuk ağırlığı, ak ağırlığı, sarı ağırlığı ve sarı oranı değerleri artarken, şekil indeksi, kabuk kırılma direnci, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk oranı, ak indeksi ve ak oranı değerleri düşme göstermiştir. Çıkış gücü ile yumurta kalite özelliklerinden yumurta ağırlığı (r = - 0.546), ak ağırlığı (r = - 0.469), sarı ağırlığı (r = - 0.602), sarı oranı (r = - 0.458), kabuk oranı (r = 0.523), şekil indeksi (r = 0.329), kabuk kalınlığı (r = 0.332) ve ak oranı (r = 0.325) arasında önemli düzeyde korelasyon saptanmıştır (P<0.01; P<0.05). 28, 45 ve 65 haftalık yaş dönemlerinde sarı kolesterol düzeyi sırasıyla 10.47 ± 0.28, 15.34 ± 0.65 ve 15.64 ± 0.71 mg/g, yumurta kolesterol düzeyi 145.8 ± 6.62, 301.5 ± 19.48 ve 339.2 ± 30.18 mg/ yumurta olarak saptanmıştır (P<0.01). Ağır yumurta grubunda yumurta ve sarı kolesterol düzeyi daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Yumurta kolesterolü (mg/g ys ve mg/yumurta) ile çıkış gücü (r = -0.345, r = -0.396) arasında negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Sürü yaşının yumurta sarısı miristik asit ve linoleik asit içeriği üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). 28, 45 ve 65 haftalık yaş dönemlerinde miristik asit içeriği sırasıyla 0.34±0.02, 0.29±0.06 ve 0.24±0.01 mg/g, linoleik asit içeriği sırasıyla 21.60±1.26, 16.05±3.04 ve 13.87±0.49 mg/g olarak saptanmıştır. Ağır yumurta grubunda yumurta sarısı miristik, palmitik, palmitoleik, stearik, oleik, linoleik asit içeriği daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P< 0.01). Yumurta sarısı miristik asit ve linoleik asit içeriği ile çıkış gücü (r = 0.383, r = 0.380) arasında pozitif yönlü korelasyon saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Kan serumu kolesterol düzeyi 28, 45 ve 65 haftalık yaş dönemlerinde sırasıyla 165.1±11.04, 166.5±11.97 ve 179.5±11.33 mg/dL olarak saptanmıştır. Kan serumu kolesterol içeriği ile yumurta sarısı kolesterol içeriği, çıkış gücü arasında korelasyon saptanmamıştır.
The present study was conducted to determine the relationships between age, egg weight and egg quality, lipid composition and incubation results of broiler breeder flock at different age periods. Egg material was obtained from a commercial Ross 308 broiler breeder parent stock at 28, 45 and 65 weeks of age. The collected eggs were separated in two groups as heavy and light egg weight group. A total 120 eggs were selected in order to determine egg interior and exterior quality traits at each age period and each egg weight group. A total of 1800 eggs were used for hatchability results of each age period and each egg weight group. 12 Setter trays that contained 150 eggs for each age period were used. 12 eggs, of which 6 were heavy and 6 were light in terms of weight, were selected for each of the age periods of 28, 45 and 65 weeks in order to analyze the yolk cholesterol and fatty acids content. Thus, the total number of eggs for the yolk cholesterol and fatty acids content analysis was 36.To determine the relationship between blood cholesterol and egg cholesterol, a total of 20 hens at 28 wk of age were selected randomly from the same breeder flock and were coded with wing-number. Blood samples from each of the hens were taken at 28, 45 and 65 wks of age for the determination of serum cholesterol level. The broiler breeder flock was fed with a broiler chick starter diet containing (20% CP and 2750 ME) between 0-6th wks of age, a chick grower diet containing (15% CP and 2630 ME) between 6-15th wks of age, a layer onward diet containing (15% CP and 2750 ME) between 15-21th wks of age, a layer diet containing (16% CP and 2750 ME) between 22-65th wks of age. Water provided was ad libitum. In the study, along with the increase in age egg weight, shell weight, albumin weight, yolk weight and yolk ratio increased, on the other hand shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, albumin index and albumin ratio decreased. The significant relationships were found between hatchability of fertile eggs and egg weight (r = - 0.546), albumin weight (r = - 0.469), yolk weight (r = - 0.602), yolk ratio (r = - 0.458), shell ratio (r = 0.523), shape index (r = 0.329), shell thickness (r = 0.332), albumin ratio (r = 0.325) (P<0.01; P<0.05). The mean yolk cholesterol contents (mg per g yolk) were 10.47±0.28 mg/g, 15.34±0.65 mg/g and 15.64±0.71 mg/g, egg cholesterol contents (mg/egg) were 145.8 ± 6.62, 301.5 ± 19.48 and 339.2 ± 30.18 mg/egg at 28th, 45th and 65th wks of age, respectively (P<0.01). Egg and yolk cholesterol content was found significantly higher in the heavy egg weight group (P<0.01). Negative correlations were found between yolk, egg cholesterol content and hatchability of fertile eggs (r = -0.345, r = -0.396; P<0.05). The effects of breeder age on yolk myristic acid and linoleic acid content were found significant (P<0.01). The mean yolk myristic acid contents were 0.34±0.02, 0.29±0.06 and 0.24±0.01 mg/g, linoleic acid contents were 21.60±1.26, 16.05±3.04 and 13.87±0.49 mg/g at 28th, 45th and 65th wks of age, respectively (P<0.01). The yolk mristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content were found significantly higher in heavy egg weight group (P<0.01). Positive correlations were found between yolk myristic acid, linoleic acid content and hatchability of fertile eggs (r = 0.383, r = 0.380; P<0.05). The mean blood cholesterol levels were 165.1 ± 11.04 mg/dl, 166.5 ± 11.97 mg/dl, 179.5 ± 11.33 mg/dl at 28th, 45th, 65th wks of age, respectively. There was not any correlation between blood cholesterol content and hatchability of fertile eggs.
The present study was conducted to determine the relationships between age, egg weight and egg quality, lipid composition and incubation results of broiler breeder flock at different age periods. Egg material was obtained from a commercial Ross 308 broiler breeder parent stock at 28, 45 and 65 weeks of age. The collected eggs were separated in two groups as heavy and light egg weight group. A total 120 eggs were selected in order to determine egg interior and exterior quality traits at each age period and each egg weight group. A total of 1800 eggs were used for hatchability results of each age period and each egg weight group. 12 Setter trays that contained 150 eggs for each age period were used. 12 eggs, of which 6 were heavy and 6 were light in terms of weight, were selected for each of the age periods of 28, 45 and 65 weeks in order to analyze the yolk cholesterol and fatty acids content. Thus, the total number of eggs for the yolk cholesterol and fatty acids content analysis was 36.To determine the relationship between blood cholesterol and egg cholesterol, a total of 20 hens at 28 wk of age were selected randomly from the same breeder flock and were coded with wing-number. Blood samples from each of the hens were taken at 28, 45 and 65 wks of age for the determination of serum cholesterol level. The broiler breeder flock was fed with a broiler chick starter diet containing (20% CP and 2750 ME) between 0-6th wks of age, a chick grower diet containing (15% CP and 2630 ME) between 6-15th wks of age, a layer onward diet containing (15% CP and 2750 ME) between 15-21th wks of age, a layer diet containing (16% CP and 2750 ME) between 22-65th wks of age. Water provided was ad libitum. In the study, along with the increase in age egg weight, shell weight, albumin weight, yolk weight and yolk ratio increased, on the other hand shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, albumin index and albumin ratio decreased. The significant relationships were found between hatchability of fertile eggs and egg weight (r = - 0.546), albumin weight (r = - 0.469), yolk weight (r = - 0.602), yolk ratio (r = - 0.458), shell ratio (r = 0.523), shape index (r = 0.329), shell thickness (r = 0.332), albumin ratio (r = 0.325) (P<0.01; P<0.05). The mean yolk cholesterol contents (mg per g yolk) were 10.47±0.28 mg/g, 15.34±0.65 mg/g and 15.64±0.71 mg/g, egg cholesterol contents (mg/egg) were 145.8 ± 6.62, 301.5 ± 19.48 and 339.2 ± 30.18 mg/egg at 28th, 45th and 65th wks of age, respectively (P<0.01). Egg and yolk cholesterol content was found significantly higher in the heavy egg weight group (P<0.01). Negative correlations were found between yolk, egg cholesterol content and hatchability of fertile eggs (r = -0.345, r = -0.396; P<0.05). The effects of breeder age on yolk myristic acid and linoleic acid content were found significant (P<0.01). The mean yolk myristic acid contents were 0.34±0.02, 0.29±0.06 and 0.24±0.01 mg/g, linoleic acid contents were 21.60±1.26, 16.05±3.04 and 13.87±0.49 mg/g at 28th, 45th and 65th wks of age, respectively (P<0.01). The yolk mristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content were found significantly higher in heavy egg weight group (P<0.01). Positive correlations were found between yolk myristic acid, linoleic acid content and hatchability of fertile eggs (r = 0.383, r = 0.380; P<0.05). The mean blood cholesterol levels were 165.1 ± 11.04 mg/dl, 166.5 ± 11.97 mg/dl, 179.5 ± 11.33 mg/dl at 28th, 45th, 65th wks of age, respectively. There was not any correlation between blood cholesterol content and hatchability of fertile eggs.
Description
Keywords
Kolesterol, Yağ asitleri, Yumurta, Serum, Yaş, Kalite, Damızlık, Çıkış gücü, Cholesterol, Fatty acids, Egg, Age, Quality, Breeder, Hatchability
Citation
Dikmen, B. Y. (2007). Etlik damızlıklarda farklı yaş ve yumurta ağırlığı ile yumurta kalitesi, lipit kompozisyonu ve kuluçka sonuçları arasındaki ilişkiler. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.