Arıtma çamuru verilen tarım topraklarında solucan aktivitesinin azot formlarına ve toprak enzim aktivitelerine etkisi
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Date
2008-06-18
Authors
Dindar, Efsun
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, arıtma çamuru uygulaması yapılmış tarım topraklarında solucan aktivitesinin toprakta meydana getirdiği değişimler incelenmiştir. Arıtma çamurlarının azot ve fosfor içeriğinin yüksek olması, toprakların nutrient kaynaklarının artırılmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Solucanlar toprak için önemli canlılardır. Toprağın fiziksel ve kimyasal yapısında olumlu değişimlere yol açmaktadır. Arıtma çamuru uygulamasıyla besin içeriği artan topraklarda, solucan aktivitesinin olması organik maddenin mineralizasyonunun artmasına dolayısıyla toprakta önemli bir nutrient olan azotun topraktaki döngüsüne etki etmektedir. Solucan aktivitesi bunun yanında topraktaki mikrobiyal aktivitenin de artmasına sebep olur. Bu ilişkiler doğrultusunda topraktaki bu değişimleri izlemek için biyolojik indikatörler olan enzim aktiviteleri kullanılmaktadır.Yürütülen bu çalışmada, iki farklı orijine sahip (kentsel ve gıda endüstrisi) arıtma çamurları 50, 100 ve 200 ton/ha oranında killi bünyeli tarım toprağına uygulanmış ve 3 aylık bir inkübasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan uygulamalarda inkübasyon süresince azot formları (amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu ve toplam azot) ve enzim aktiviteleri (dehidrogenaz, alkali fosfataz, ß-glukosidaz, üreaz) analizlenmiştir.İnkübasyon dönemi incelendiğinde, ilk ay solucan kotlarında nitrat azotunun, bireyli topraklarda ise amonyum azotunun daha baskın olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer inkübasyon dönemlerinde ise, solucan kotlarında amonyum, topraklarda da nitrat azotunun baskın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Arıtma çamuru ilavesi, toprak ve kotlardaki toplam azot konsantrasyonunu arttırmıştır. Kotlarda belirlenen toplam azot konsantrasyonunun, toprağa göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alkali fosfataz enzim aktivitesi hariç diğer enzimler, tüm çamur uygulamalarında kotlarda toprağa kıyasla daha yüksek olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bireyli ve bireysiz topraklar kıyaslandığında ise, bireysiz topraklarda nitrat azotu, bireyli topraklarda ise amonyum azotunun daha baskın olduğu görülmektedir. Solucan aktivitesi inkübasyon sonunda arıtma çamuru uygulanmış topraklarda dehidrogenaz aktivitesi hariç, toplam azot, alkali fosfataz, ß-glukosidaz, üreaz seviyesinin bireysiz topraklara göre düşmesine yol açmıştır.
In this study, the effect of earthworm activity on an agricultural soil amended with sewage sludge was investigated. High nitrogen and phosphorus contents of sewage sludge play an important role in enhancing soil nutrient sources. Earthworms are probably the most important macroorganisms in soil system. They improve the physical and the chemical structures of soil. The presence of earthworm activity in sludge amended soils (nutrient enriched) may increase the mineralization of organic matter. Accordingly, the nitrogen cycle is affected. Earthworms also enhance the microbial activity of soils. Hence, enzyme activities are useful biological indicators that can be used to investigate the variations in soil diversity.In this study, two wastewater sludges (domestic and industrial) which were different in origin were amended to clay agricultural soil samples at rates equivalent to 50, 100 and 200 tons dry raw sludge/ha. Then, an incubation study was performed during a period of three months. Nitrogen forms (NH4+-N, NO3--N and Total N) and enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehidrogenase and ß-glucosidase) were analysed in sewage sludge amended soil and earthworm casts throughout the incubation period.The result of the study indicated that nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were dominant forms in earthworm casts and in surrounding soil, respectively, during the first month of incubation. Thereafter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents were higher in casts and surrounding soil, respectively. The addition of sewage sludge appeared to increase concentration of total-N in soil and casts. Total-N levels in casts were found to be significantly higher than those of in soil. Similarly, higher enzyme activities (with exception of alkaline phosphatase) were determined in earthworm casts.Comparison of the soils with and without earthworms indicated that the amounts of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were higher in the soils with earthworms and without earthworms, respectively. At the end of the incubation, total nitrogen, urease, alkaline phosphatase, ß-glucosidase levels were found to be significantly lower in surrounding soils of earthworms than those in soils without earthworms.
In this study, the effect of earthworm activity on an agricultural soil amended with sewage sludge was investigated. High nitrogen and phosphorus contents of sewage sludge play an important role in enhancing soil nutrient sources. Earthworms are probably the most important macroorganisms in soil system. They improve the physical and the chemical structures of soil. The presence of earthworm activity in sludge amended soils (nutrient enriched) may increase the mineralization of organic matter. Accordingly, the nitrogen cycle is affected. Earthworms also enhance the microbial activity of soils. Hence, enzyme activities are useful biological indicators that can be used to investigate the variations in soil diversity.In this study, two wastewater sludges (domestic and industrial) which were different in origin were amended to clay agricultural soil samples at rates equivalent to 50, 100 and 200 tons dry raw sludge/ha. Then, an incubation study was performed during a period of three months. Nitrogen forms (NH4+-N, NO3--N and Total N) and enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehidrogenase and ß-glucosidase) were analysed in sewage sludge amended soil and earthworm casts throughout the incubation period.The result of the study indicated that nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were dominant forms in earthworm casts and in surrounding soil, respectively, during the first month of incubation. Thereafter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents were higher in casts and surrounding soil, respectively. The addition of sewage sludge appeared to increase concentration of total-N in soil and casts. Total-N levels in casts were found to be significantly higher than those of in soil. Similarly, higher enzyme activities (with exception of alkaline phosphatase) were determined in earthworm casts.Comparison of the soils with and without earthworms indicated that the amounts of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were higher in the soils with earthworms and without earthworms, respectively. At the end of the incubation, total nitrogen, urease, alkaline phosphatase, ß-glucosidase levels were found to be significantly lower in surrounding soils of earthworms than those in soils without earthworms.
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Keywords
Arıtma çamuru, Azot, Enzim aktiviteleri, Solucan, Toprak, Earthworm, Enzyme activity, Nitrogen, Sewage sludge, Soil
Citation
Dindar, E. (2008). Arıtma çamuru verilen tarım topraklarında solucan aktivitesinin azot formlarına ve toprak enzim aktivitelerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.