Bursa ve Balıkesir'de sebze tohumculuğunun bugünkü durumu, sorunları ve öneriler
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Date
1987
Authors
Sivritepe, H. Özkan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Türkiye' de sebze tohumu üretiminde büyük öneme sahip olan Bursa ve Balıkesir'de yapılmıştır. Sözkonusu illerdeki sebze tohumculuğu; özel tohum firmaları, Balıkesir Sebze Tohumu Deneme ve Üretme İstasyonu ve çiftçiler düzeyinde yapılan gözlemlere dayanılarak ortaya konmuş ve konu ile ilgili Literatür bilgilerine yer verilmiştir. Bölgede üretimi yapılan sebze tohumları; soğan, pırasa, ıspanak, lahana, turp, fasulye, bezelye, bakla, bamya, havuç, maydonoz, domates, patlıcan, biber, hıyar, sakız kabağı, kavun, karpuz ve salata (kıvırcık salata ve marul)' dır. Her iki ilde sebze tohumculuğunun yoğun olarak yapıldığı yöreler; Bursa'da: Yenişehir, Karacabey, İznik ve Orhangazi ilçeleri, Balıkesir' de: Merkeze bağlı bazı köyler (Köseler, Paşaköy, Ovaköy, Büyük Bostancı ve Küçük Bostancı) ile Bandırma, Manyas ve Burhaniye ilçeleridir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, bölgede sebze tohumculuğu yapan özel sektör, devlet sektörü ve çiftçilerin konu ile ilgili çeşitli sorunları saptanarak, bu sorunların çözüm yollarına ilişkin bazı öneriler verilmiştir. Sözkonusu sorunlar ve öneriler aşağıdaki gibi özetlenebilir: 1. Tohum temininde devamlı tohumluk ithali bir çözüm olarak görülmemeli, kaliteli tohumluğun ülkemizde üretilmesi ana hedef olmalıdır. Tohum ithali bu konuda uzmanlaşmış, tecrübe sahibi kuruluşlara yaptırılmalıdır. 2. Gübreleme konusunda, toprak analizlerinin sonuçlarına göre gerekli gübre dozları uygulanmalıdır. 3. Sulama sisteminin seçimi ve uygulanması, sebze ve toprak karakterlerine göre mutlaka ihtiyaç duyulan zamanlarda ve yeteri kadar yapılmalıdır. 4. F₁ hibrit tohum üretiminde olduğu gibi standart çeşitlerin üretiminde de üretim alanında arı kovanlarının bulundurulması yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. 5. Bitki münavebesine gereken önem verilmeli ve bunun üreticilere benimsetilmesi gereklidir. 6. Sebze tohumu üretiminde zaman zaman büyük sorun olan izolasyon konusu da üzerinde en çok durulması gereken bir uygulamadır. 7. Tohumlukların hasatı, tohum ayırma, tohum kurutma ve tohum depolaması konusunda otomasyona ve modernizasyona gidilmelidir. 8. Sebze tohumu üretimindeki yetişmiş teknik eleman sıkıntısı devlet sektörü ve özel sektör tarafından ele alınarak en kısa zamanda giderilmeye çalışılmalıdır. 9. Özel tohum firmalarında araştırmaya önem verilmeli, kurulacak modern laboratuvar ve seralar ile yetiştirilecek bilinçli personel sayesinde, yurt dışında olduğu gibi, ıslah çalışmalarına başlanmalıdır. 10. Yeni ıslah edilen ya da ithal edilen çeşitlerin denenmesi, tescili ve üretime sokulması çabuklaştırılmalıdır. Buna karşılık güncelliğini yitiren çeşitler üreten programından çıkarılarak yeni çeşitlerin üretilmeleri sağlanmalıdır. 11. Özel kuruluşlar sadece iç tüketim yönüyle değil, ihracat yönüyle de programlar yapmalıdır. 12. T.C. Ziraat Bankası'nca verilen kredilerde faiz oranları daha düşük tutularak, bürokratik engellerin ortadan kaldırılması sağlanmalıdır. 13. Tohumlukların kontrol ve sertifikasyonunda görevli olan kuruluşların konuyla ilgili çalışmalar üzerinde daha titizlikle durmaları gerekmektedir. 14. Verimli, kaliteli, hastalık ve zararlılara dayanıklı, iç ve dış pazar taleplerine uygun sebze tohumlarının yeterince kullanılmasının beklenen sonucu verim artışıdır. Bu verim artışı, yapılacak planlama ile sorun olmaktan çıkarılmalı; depolanması sanayide işlenmesi ve ihracatı sağlanmalıdır.
This study was carried out in Bursa and Balıkesir provinces that have a great importance on vegetable seed production of Turkey. Vegetable seed production of these provinces was displayed according to the observations that were carried out on the levels of special seed firms, Balıkesir Vegetable Seed Production and Experiment Station and the farmers of both provinces and also it has been brought about the literature data which were related with the subject. Vegetable seeds that are produced in the region are; onion, leek, spinach, cabbage, radish, bean, pea, bean, okra, carrot, parsley, tomato, eggplant, pepper, cucumber, sguash, melon, water melon and lettuce (curled lettuce and cos lettuce). The areas where Vegetable seed production is executed in Both provinces are; Yenişehir, Karacabey, Iznik and Orhangazi counties in Bursa and some villages which settled to the central country (Köseler, Paşaköy, Ovaköy, Büyük Bostancı and Küçük Bostancı), Bandırma, Manyas and Burhaniye counties in Balıkesir. As a result of the surveys, various problems of special and government sectors and farmers that execute vegetable seed production in the region were determined and some recommendations were given about solving these problems. Problems and recommendations which were talked about can be summarized as follows: 1. Continuous seed import should not be seen as a formula to assure the seeds and it should be the main target to produce quality seed in our country. 2. Fertilizer dosages should be applied according to the results of soil analysis. 3. Selection of the irrigation systems and its application should be carried out sufficiently according to the vegetable and soil characteristics, absolutely at required times. 4. Keeping the bee hives at the production area should be extended in standard varieties as well as in F₁ hybrid seed production. 5. It should be necessary to give enough importance to plant rotation and to be convinced to the farmers. 6. Isolation, being a big problem, is one of the most important applications to discuss in vegetable seed production. 7. Automation and modernization should be adapted to the applications of seed harvesting, extracting, drying and storage. 8. The trouble of educated technical staff in vegetable seed production should be reviewed by government and private sectors and should be tried to remove in the shortest time interval. 9. Importance should be given to the research in special seed firms. Breeding studies should be initiated by means of modern laboratories and greenhouses that will be established and conscious staff that will be trained as in the foreign countries. 10. Testing, registering and taking to the production of new varieties which are bred or imported should be accelerated. On the other hand, the varieties which are lost their value should be discarded from the production program and new varieties should be produced. 11. Special establishments should make programs not only in domestic consumption but in export of vegetable seeds. 12. Interest rates of the credits that are given by the Bank of Agriculture Republic of Turkey should be lowered and bureaucratic barriers should be removed. 13. Establishments that are responsible for control and certification of seeds should be interested in these observations meticulously. 14. Expected result of using vegetable seeds which are productive, high in quality, resistant to diseases and pests and suitable for interior and exterior markets is yield enhancement. This yield enhancement should be taken out of being a problem by making a regular planning and storage, processing and exportation of vegetables should be carried out.
This study was carried out in Bursa and Balıkesir provinces that have a great importance on vegetable seed production of Turkey. Vegetable seed production of these provinces was displayed according to the observations that were carried out on the levels of special seed firms, Balıkesir Vegetable Seed Production and Experiment Station and the farmers of both provinces and also it has been brought about the literature data which were related with the subject. Vegetable seeds that are produced in the region are; onion, leek, spinach, cabbage, radish, bean, pea, bean, okra, carrot, parsley, tomato, eggplant, pepper, cucumber, sguash, melon, water melon and lettuce (curled lettuce and cos lettuce). The areas where Vegetable seed production is executed in Both provinces are; Yenişehir, Karacabey, Iznik and Orhangazi counties in Bursa and some villages which settled to the central country (Köseler, Paşaköy, Ovaköy, Büyük Bostancı and Küçük Bostancı), Bandırma, Manyas and Burhaniye counties in Balıkesir. As a result of the surveys, various problems of special and government sectors and farmers that execute vegetable seed production in the region were determined and some recommendations were given about solving these problems. Problems and recommendations which were talked about can be summarized as follows: 1. Continuous seed import should not be seen as a formula to assure the seeds and it should be the main target to produce quality seed in our country. 2. Fertilizer dosages should be applied according to the results of soil analysis. 3. Selection of the irrigation systems and its application should be carried out sufficiently according to the vegetable and soil characteristics, absolutely at required times. 4. Keeping the bee hives at the production area should be extended in standard varieties as well as in F₁ hybrid seed production. 5. It should be necessary to give enough importance to plant rotation and to be convinced to the farmers. 6. Isolation, being a big problem, is one of the most important applications to discuss in vegetable seed production. 7. Automation and modernization should be adapted to the applications of seed harvesting, extracting, drying and storage. 8. The trouble of educated technical staff in vegetable seed production should be reviewed by government and private sectors and should be tried to remove in the shortest time interval. 9. Importance should be given to the research in special seed firms. Breeding studies should be initiated by means of modern laboratories and greenhouses that will be established and conscious staff that will be trained as in the foreign countries. 10. Testing, registering and taking to the production of new varieties which are bred or imported should be accelerated. On the other hand, the varieties which are lost their value should be discarded from the production program and new varieties should be produced. 11. Special establishments should make programs not only in domestic consumption but in export of vegetable seeds. 12. Interest rates of the credits that are given by the Bank of Agriculture Republic of Turkey should be lowered and bureaucratic barriers should be removed. 13. Establishments that are responsible for control and certification of seeds should be interested in these observations meticulously. 14. Expected result of using vegetable seeds which are productive, high in quality, resistant to diseases and pests and suitable for interior and exterior markets is yield enhancement. This yield enhancement should be taken out of being a problem by making a regular planning and storage, processing and exportation of vegetables should be carried out.
Description
Keywords
Bursa, Balıkesir, Sebze tohumculuğu, Vegetable seed
Citation
Sivritepe, H. Ö. (1987). Bursa ve Balıkesir'de sebze tohumculuğunun bugünkü durumu, sorunları ve öneriler. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.