Fukahânın kadın tasavvurunun ictihadî hükümlere yansıması
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Date
2022-08-09
Authors
Duman, Vildan Sali
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kadın konusu, ilmî, dinî, felsefî pek çok alanda araştırmalara konu olmuş; sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik anlamda kadının konumu, psikolojik, biyolojik ve fizyolojik yapısı ile ele alınarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada özellikle milâdî 7-13. yüzyıllar ile 18-21. yüzyıllar arasında yaşamış fukahânın, yaşadığı dönem, kültür ve coğrafya içerisinde kendi kişisel zaafları, değerleri ve mizacının da etkisiyle oluşan kadın tasavvuru ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmış ve bu tasavvur neticesinde oluşan ictihadî hükümlere yer verilmiştir. Çalışma giriş ve sonuç kısımları hariç, dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde kadın tasavvurunun kilit noktası diyebileceğimiz kadının yaratılışı ile birlikte fıtrî, karakteristik, dinî ve hukuksal özellikleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde fukahânın kadına yüklediği özellikler ve fukahânın mizacı, değişim karşısındaki tutumu, mezhep taassubu gibi etkenlerin kadın tasavvuruna etkileri incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde fukahânın zihninde oluşan kadın tasavvurunun ibadet hayatı ve özel hukuk hükümlerine etkisi incelenirken, dördüncü bölümde de kamu hukuku alanındaki ictihadî hükümlere etkisi, hükümlerin gerekçeleri üzerinde tartışmalar ve değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir. Genel olarak sünnî mezheplerin görüşleri alınmış, gerekli görüldüğünde bahsedilen zaman aralığının dışına çıkılmıştır. Tümevarım ve tümdengelim yöntemi ile tahlil ve mukayese metodu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada dönemler arası farklılıklara rağmen, bazı konular dışında fukahânın zihnindeki kadın tasavvurunda değişiklik olmadığı, kadının temel özellikleri açısından değişime kapalı, sosyal ve siyasal konumu açısından değişime açık bir bakış açısı sergilendiği görülmüştür.
The subject of women has been the issue of many scientific, religious and philosophical studies. The position of women in social, political, and economic terms has been tried to be determined by considering their psychological, biological, and physiological structure. This study, especially with the effect of their weaknesses, values, and temperaments within their own culture, context, and geography of the fuqaha who lived between the 7-13th and especially 18-21th centuries examine their women imagination. Subsequently, the ijtihad judgments that emerged as a result of this imagination are included. The study consists of four chapters, excluding the introduction and conclusion parts. In the first chapter, the creation of the woman, which we can call the key point of the imagination towards women, as well as her natural, characteristic, religious, and legal characteristics are discussed. In the second part, the characteristics of the fuqaha to women and the effects of factors such as the temperament of the fuqaha, his attitude towards change, and sectarian fanaticism on the imagination towards women are examined. In the third chapter, the effect of the imagination of women formed in the minds of the fuqaha on the life of worship and the provisions of private law has been examined. In the fourth part, the effects of the ijtihad provisions in the field of public law, discussions, and evaluations on the justifications of the provisions are given. In general, the views of the Sunni sect were taken, and when necessary, the aforementioned time interval was exceeded. Inductive and deductive methods as well as analysis and comparison methods were used. In the study, despite the differences between periods, it was observed that there was no change in the imagination of the fuqaha about women, except for some issues. Accordingly, it has been observed that a woman's perspective is closed to change in terms of her basic characteristics and open to change in terms of her social and political position.
The subject of women has been the issue of many scientific, religious and philosophical studies. The position of women in social, political, and economic terms has been tried to be determined by considering their psychological, biological, and physiological structure. This study, especially with the effect of their weaknesses, values, and temperaments within their own culture, context, and geography of the fuqaha who lived between the 7-13th and especially 18-21th centuries examine their women imagination. Subsequently, the ijtihad judgments that emerged as a result of this imagination are included. The study consists of four chapters, excluding the introduction and conclusion parts. In the first chapter, the creation of the woman, which we can call the key point of the imagination towards women, as well as her natural, characteristic, religious, and legal characteristics are discussed. In the second part, the characteristics of the fuqaha to women and the effects of factors such as the temperament of the fuqaha, his attitude towards change, and sectarian fanaticism on the imagination towards women are examined. In the third chapter, the effect of the imagination of women formed in the minds of the fuqaha on the life of worship and the provisions of private law has been examined. In the fourth part, the effects of the ijtihad provisions in the field of public law, discussions, and evaluations on the justifications of the provisions are given. In general, the views of the Sunni sect were taken, and when necessary, the aforementioned time interval was exceeded. Inductive and deductive methods as well as analysis and comparison methods were used. In the study, despite the differences between periods, it was observed that there was no change in the imagination of the fuqaha about women, except for some issues. Accordingly, it has been observed that a woman's perspective is closed to change in terms of her basic characteristics and open to change in terms of her social and political position.
Description
Keywords
İslâm hukuku, Fukahâ, Kadın, Tasavvur, İctihad, Islamic law, Fuqaha, Women, Imagination, Ijtihad
Citation
Duman, V. S. (2022). Fukahânın kadın tasavvurunun ictihadî hükümlere yansıması. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.