Fransız seyahatnamelerine göre 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı toplumunda dini yaşam
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Date
2022-06-17
Authors
Hangül, Onur
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
19. yüzyılda yazılan Fransız seyahatnamelerinden yola çıkarak Osmanlı toplumundaki dini yaşantıyı ele alan bu çalışmada sadece Türkler ve Müslümanların değil gayrimüslim olan azınlıkların da dini hayat ve yaşantısı anlatılmaktadır. Farklı meslek gruplarından olup farklı gayelerle Osmanlı topraklarına gelen Fransız seyyahların, Osmanlı toplumundaki dini ve etnik çeşitliliğinin günlük yaşantıya nasıl yansıdığı ele alınmaktadır. Fransız seyyahların genellikle tarih ve kültür merkezi olması nedeniyle İstanbul eksenli bir Osmanlı imajı sundukları da bilinmelidir. Türkleri belli konularda takdir etmiş olsalar da genellikle olumsuz bir tasavvura sahip oldukları görülmektedir. Oryantalist yaklaşımların fazlasıyla bulunduğu bu seyahatnamelerde, Fransız seyyahların düşünce ve gözlemleri, Doğu insanının gizemli yaşantısı incelenmektedir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde seyahatnamelerin kaynak değeri ve seyyahların Osmanlı toplumu ile dinlere karşı olan bakış açıları aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde Fransız seyahatnamelerine göre 19. yüzyıl özelinde Müslümanların sosyal ve dini yaşantıları incelenmiştir. Burada Müslümanların aile yapısı, dini kurumları, din adamları ve dini yaşantıları aktarılmıştır. Seyyahların bilhassa Ayasofya, dervişler ve mezarlıklar hakkında geniş çaplı detaylar verdikleri görülmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde ise aynı yüzyılda gayrimüslimlerin, bilhassa Hristiyanların Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki dini yaşantıları irdelenmiştir. Buna göre Hristiyanların dinlerini rahat bir ortam içerisinde yaşadıkları seyyahların büyük çoğunluğu tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Yahudiler hakkında ise genellikle olumsuz yorum ve değerlendirmeler yapıldığı görülmektedir.
In this study, which examines the religious life in the Ottoman society based on the French travel books written in the 19th century, the religious life and life of not only Turks and Muslims but also non-Muslim minorities are discussed. It was examined that the religious and ethnic differences of the French travelers, who came from professions and came to the Ottoman lands for different purposes, were reflected in daily life. It should also be known that French travelers generally presented an Ottoman image based on Istanbul, as it was the center of history and culture. Although they appreciate the Turks on certain issues, it is often seen that they have a negative vision. In these travel books, where orientalist approaches were abundant, the thoughts and observations of French travelers, the mysterious life of the eastern people were examined. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, the source value of the travelogues and the perspectives of the travelers against the Ottoman society and religions that were tried to be conveyed. The second part of the study, according to the examinations of the French travel books, consists of the social and religious lives of the Muslims in the 19th century. Here, family structures, religious institutions, clergy and the religious lives of Muslims are conveyed. It is seen that travelers gave extensive and special details regarding Hagia Sophia, the dervishes and the cemeteries. The third chapter consists of the religious lives of non-Muslims in the Ottoman geography that were examined during the same century. It was widely excepted by the travelers that the Christians living there were able to practice their religion in a comfortable environment. It was also noted that there were generally negative evaluations made about the Jews.
In this study, which examines the religious life in the Ottoman society based on the French travel books written in the 19th century, the religious life and life of not only Turks and Muslims but also non-Muslim minorities are discussed. It was examined that the religious and ethnic differences of the French travelers, who came from professions and came to the Ottoman lands for different purposes, were reflected in daily life. It should also be known that French travelers generally presented an Ottoman image based on Istanbul, as it was the center of history and culture. Although they appreciate the Turks on certain issues, it is often seen that they have a negative vision. In these travel books, where orientalist approaches were abundant, the thoughts and observations of French travelers, the mysterious life of the eastern people were examined. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, the source value of the travelogues and the perspectives of the travelers against the Ottoman society and religions that were tried to be conveyed. The second part of the study, according to the examinations of the French travel books, consists of the social and religious lives of the Muslims in the 19th century. Here, family structures, religious institutions, clergy and the religious lives of Muslims are conveyed. It is seen that travelers gave extensive and special details regarding Hagia Sophia, the dervishes and the cemeteries. The third chapter consists of the religious lives of non-Muslims in the Ottoman geography that were examined during the same century. It was widely excepted by the travelers that the Christians living there were able to practice their religion in a comfortable environment. It was also noted that there were generally negative evaluations made about the Jews.
Description
Keywords
Seyyah, Seyahatnameler, Osmanlı toplumu, Fransız, Dini yaşam, Traveler, Travel books, Ottoman society, French, Religious life
Citation
Hangül, O. (2022). Fransız seyahatnamelerine göre 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı toplumunda dini yaşam. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.