Kültürel miras alanlarında afet yönetimi: İznik örneği
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Date
2021-09-20
Authors
Oktay, Sinem
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kültürel miras; toplumun kimliğiyle, kültürüyle, gelenek ve görenekleriyle ilgili somut ve soyut değerlerini kapsamaktadır. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’deki kültürel miraslar insan kaynaklı riskler, doğal riskler ve teknik riskler gibi farklı riskler altında bulunmaktadır. Kültürel miraslara en çok etki ve tahrip eden riskler afetlerdir. Afetler gerçekleştiği çevreye ve topluma; mal ve can kaybı, ekonomik, psikolojik, sosyolojik gibi sorunlar oluştururken kültürel miras için de büyük tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Bu tehditlerin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak ve yok etmek amacıyla afet yönetimi uygulanır. Çalışmanın amacı, tarihi çevrelerde kültürel miras alanlarına yönelik olan olası afet risklerinin belirlenmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve azaltılması kapsamında yapılması gerekenlerin incelenmesidir. Kültürel mirasın afetlerden en az zararla kurtulması ve geleceğe özgün bir şekilde aktarılması için Türkiye’de uluslararası ve ulusal kurum- kuruluşların yapmış olduğu çalışmalarla kültürel mirasın bütünlük, özgünlük ve sürdürülebilirlik değerlerinin korunarak 2863 sayılı “Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kanunu” ışığında nelerin yapılması gerektiğinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında somut kültürel miras alanlarının afet yönetimi konusu ele alınmaktadır. Kültürel miras alanlarında risk yönetimi ve gelişimi, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de yapılmış yasal düzenlemeler, kültürel miras alanlarında yapılan afet risk yönetimi planı örnekleri incelenmiştir. Literatür UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICORP, ICCROM, UNDRR gibi kurum ve kuruluşların Dünya genelinde hazırladığı sözleşmeler, düzenlenen kongreler ve yayınlanan bildiriler incelenmiş, alan gözlem çalışmaları ve sözlü görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Değerlendirilen bilgiler ışığında alanda yapılan gözlemlerle ile İznik’te bulunan kültürel miraslar incelenerek, mirasların afet geçmişleri ve alanda yapılmış olan çalışmalar doğrultusunda İznik olası afet riskleri tespit edilmiş ve İznik kültürel miras alanında kültürel miras afet risk yönetiminin afet öncesi- afet anı ve afet sonrasında nasıl yapılacağı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak İznik kültürel miras alanında deprem, yangın, sel gibi olası afet riskleri bulunmakta olup, İznik kültürel miras alanı olası afet risklerine karşı dirençli hale getirilmelidir.
Cultural heritage; It covers the concrete and intangible values of the society related to its identity, culture, traditions and customs. Cultural heritages in the world and in Turkey are under different risks such as human-induced risks, natural risks and technical risks. The most impacting and damaging risks to cultural heritage are disasters. Disasters occur to the environment and society; While it creates problems such as loss of property and life, economic, psychological and sociological, it also poses great threats to cultural heritage. Disaster management is applied in order to reduce and eliminate the negative effects of these threats. The aim of the study is to examine what needs to be done within the scope of determining, evaluating and mitigating possible disaster risks for cultural heritage areas in historical environments. It is the determination of what should be done in the light of the “Law on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets” numbered 2863, by protecting the integrity, originality and sustainability values of the cultural heritage with the work of international and national institutions-organizations in Turkey in order to save the cultural heritage from disasters with the least damage and to transfer it to the future in an authentic way. Within the scope of the study, the issue of disaster management of concrete cultural heritage areas is discussed. Risk management and development in cultural heritage areas, legal regulations made in the world and in Turkey, examples of disaster risk management plans made in cultural heritage areas were examined. The literature, conventions, congresses and published papers prepared by institutions and organizations such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICORP, ICCROM, UNDRR around the world were examined, field observation studies and oral interviews were conducted. In the light of the information evaluated, the cultural heritages in Iznik were examined with the observations made in the field, the disaster histories of the heritages and the possible disaster risks in Iznik were determined in line with the studies carried out in the field, and how the cultural heritage disaster risk management would be done before, during and after the disaster in the Iznik cultural heritage area. determined. As a result, there are possible disaster risks such as earthquake, fire and flood in the Iznik cultural heritage area, and the Iznik cultural heritage area should be made resistant to possible disaster risks.
Cultural heritage; It covers the concrete and intangible values of the society related to its identity, culture, traditions and customs. Cultural heritages in the world and in Turkey are under different risks such as human-induced risks, natural risks and technical risks. The most impacting and damaging risks to cultural heritage are disasters. Disasters occur to the environment and society; While it creates problems such as loss of property and life, economic, psychological and sociological, it also poses great threats to cultural heritage. Disaster management is applied in order to reduce and eliminate the negative effects of these threats. The aim of the study is to examine what needs to be done within the scope of determining, evaluating and mitigating possible disaster risks for cultural heritage areas in historical environments. It is the determination of what should be done in the light of the “Law on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets” numbered 2863, by protecting the integrity, originality and sustainability values of the cultural heritage with the work of international and national institutions-organizations in Turkey in order to save the cultural heritage from disasters with the least damage and to transfer it to the future in an authentic way. Within the scope of the study, the issue of disaster management of concrete cultural heritage areas is discussed. Risk management and development in cultural heritage areas, legal regulations made in the world and in Turkey, examples of disaster risk management plans made in cultural heritage areas were examined. The literature, conventions, congresses and published papers prepared by institutions and organizations such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICORP, ICCROM, UNDRR around the world were examined, field observation studies and oral interviews were conducted. In the light of the information evaluated, the cultural heritages in Iznik were examined with the observations made in the field, the disaster histories of the heritages and the possible disaster risks in Iznik were determined in line with the studies carried out in the field, and how the cultural heritage disaster risk management would be done before, during and after the disaster in the Iznik cultural heritage area. determined. As a result, there are possible disaster risks such as earthquake, fire and flood in the Iznik cultural heritage area, and the Iznik cultural heritage area should be made resistant to possible disaster risks.
Description
Keywords
Afet, Afet yönetimi, İznik, Kültürel miras, Disaster, Disaster management, Iznik, Cultural heritage
Citation
Oktay, S. (2021). Kültürel miras alanlarında afet yönetimi: İznik örneği. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.