Milli Mücadelenin mizah cepheleri
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Date
2020-09-14
Authors
Uzunpınar, Yağmur Rahşan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Mizah, hayatımızın her alanında bulunan ve insanların gülmesine, bir nebze olsun günlük hayatın sorunlarından uzaklaşıp kendine ve gülmeye vakit ayırmasına imkân sağlayan bir alan olmakla beraber tarihi süreç içerisinde iktidarın veya siyasal otoritelerin çekindiği bir konu olmuştur. Bunun sebebi olarak da mizahın genellikle muhalif seslerin bir aracı olarak kullanılmasını gösterebiliriz. Ancak yemek yemek, uyumak, ısınmak gibi insanın temel ihtiyaçlarından biri olan gülmek mizah sayesinde ortaya çıkarken, mizahın siyasal alan içinde toplumun aksayan yönlerini komik bir dille ve alaycı bir bakış açısı ile anlatması onu çekinilen, istenmeyen bir alan haline getirmiş hatta zaman zaman soytarılık, dalkavukluk olarak bile adlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki basın ve yayın hareketleri içerisinde Millî Mücadele Dönemi’nin gazete ile dergilerine ve özellikle de mizahi alana yansımasını ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Millî Mücadele dönemi mizah basınını incelerken Osmanlı Devleti’nde basın yayın hayatının başlangıcını ve bu basın faaliyetleri içinde mizahi basının ortaya çıkışını dâhil etmeyi uygun gördük. Giriş kısmında Osmanlı Devleti’nde basın yayın hayatının başlangıcı anlatılırken, Birinci Bölüm’de mizahın ne olduğu, mizah kelimesinin hangi anlamlara geldiği Osmanlı Devleti’nde mizah hayatının basın faaliyetlerinden önce nasıl başladığı, mizahın Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet devrinde basın yayın faaliyetlerinin içinde nasıl yer edindiği anlatılmaktadır. İkinci Bölüm’de Millî Mücadele’nin nasıl başladığı ve bu dönemin basın yayın hayatına nasıl etki ettiği, toplumun veya gazetelerin karşıt cephelerde yer alma süreçleri ve dönemin gazeteleri ile ilgili bilgiler verilmektedir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde Millî Mücadele’yi destekleyen mizahi dergilerde dönem olaylarının nasıl işlendiği yansıtılarak, 1922 yılından itibaren Aydede’nin çıkışı ile beraber karşıt görüşlerin bir araya getirilişi ve dergilerin Ulusal Savaşa olan bakış açıları bir arada verilmiştir. Dönem içerisinde birçok mizah yayını bulunmaktadır ancak mevcut tüm gazete ve dergileri incelemek mümkün olmamışsa da çalışma kapsamını arttırmak ve literatüre daha fazla katkı yapmak adına incelemeyi beş dergi ile sınırlayıp bu dergilerin Millî Mücadele dönemine bakışlarını inceledik. Bu çalışmanın asıl amacı Millî Mücadele’nin mizah basınında nasıl akis bulduğunu anlatmaktır. Ayrıca bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda bazen tek yayın üzerinden bazen de sadece iki derginin karşılaştırılması üzerine benimsenen teknik yerine kapsamı biraz daha genişleterek dönemin en önemli mizah yayınlarının 1919- 1922 yılları arasını kapsayan sayılarını incelemeye aldık. Dergilerin yayın politikalarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için söz konusu yayınlardan aldığımız şiir ve karikatürleri de çalışma içerisindeki sayfalara koyup derleyerek dönemin bakış açısını yansıtmak istedik.
The humour is both a field which is in our whole life and let people laugh and have fun moving away their hard lives for a while and the topic which was hesitated by the government and political autorities in time. It is shown as a reason that the humour was used as a tool of opponents. Laughing, which is one of the basic needs of human like eating, sleeping and warming, appeaprs with humour. Also it became an unwanted area and was called as clowning, adulation when the humour explained the deflected parts of the society by funny and acrimonious way in political areas. In this study it’s aimed to show the effects and reflections of humour from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire to the time of the War of Independence Era. While we’re studying on the humour public in The War of Independence era, we incorporate in the beginning of the press of the Ottoman Empire and the occuring of humour in these studies. In the first part it’s explained what the humour is, ‘the humour’ word means and it’s asserted the humour life has started before pressing in the Ottoman Empire. Additionaly it’s explained how the humour took place in the press of the Tanzimat reform Era and the Constitutional Monarchy Period. In the second part it’s explained how the War of Independence had started and the effects of this period on the press by giving some information about the society and newspapers’ taking part in the opponents. In the third part it’s explained how the humour magazines who were supporting the War of Independence treated the events of that time and gave the different perspectives about National War by collecting the opposite views by the pressing ’Ay Dede’ by 1922. This term includes lots of publishment for humor books however considering possibility of research on all published newspapers is an overkill task to complete, we have made a compendium by limiting the spectrum of the variety with only five newspaper to contribute in literature of times on War of Independence. Purpose of this study is understanding the reflections of humor on media and similar public communications during the times of the Independency War. In addition, till this day the technic for the people who work in this field was working for comparison in one newspaper series itself or adding with another one to targeting enrichment , beside what we have achieved in here is enabling the literature by analyzing the published documents between the years 1919 - 1922 with a much more comprehensive approach. Policies of the newspaper publishers was the main focus to make it more understable while looking on poetry and comics pages of written items, at the end of the study what we have managed to get a sum of fairly various samples from written documents by selecting best ones in a compiled version of historical approach to humor.
The humour is both a field which is in our whole life and let people laugh and have fun moving away their hard lives for a while and the topic which was hesitated by the government and political autorities in time. It is shown as a reason that the humour was used as a tool of opponents. Laughing, which is one of the basic needs of human like eating, sleeping and warming, appeaprs with humour. Also it became an unwanted area and was called as clowning, adulation when the humour explained the deflected parts of the society by funny and acrimonious way in political areas. In this study it’s aimed to show the effects and reflections of humour from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire to the time of the War of Independence Era. While we’re studying on the humour public in The War of Independence era, we incorporate in the beginning of the press of the Ottoman Empire and the occuring of humour in these studies. In the first part it’s explained what the humour is, ‘the humour’ word means and it’s asserted the humour life has started before pressing in the Ottoman Empire. Additionaly it’s explained how the humour took place in the press of the Tanzimat reform Era and the Constitutional Monarchy Period. In the second part it’s explained how the War of Independence had started and the effects of this period on the press by giving some information about the society and newspapers’ taking part in the opponents. In the third part it’s explained how the humour magazines who were supporting the War of Independence treated the events of that time and gave the different perspectives about National War by collecting the opposite views by the pressing ’Ay Dede’ by 1922. This term includes lots of publishment for humor books however considering possibility of research on all published newspapers is an overkill task to complete, we have made a compendium by limiting the spectrum of the variety with only five newspaper to contribute in literature of times on War of Independence. Purpose of this study is understanding the reflections of humor on media and similar public communications during the times of the Independency War. In addition, till this day the technic for the people who work in this field was working for comparison in one newspaper series itself or adding with another one to targeting enrichment , beside what we have achieved in here is enabling the literature by analyzing the published documents between the years 1919 - 1922 with a much more comprehensive approach. Policies of the newspaper publishers was the main focus to make it more understable while looking on poetry and comics pages of written items, at the end of the study what we have managed to get a sum of fairly various samples from written documents by selecting best ones in a compiled version of historical approach to humor.
Description
Keywords
Millî Mücadele, Mizah, Aydede, Güleryüz, Karagöz, Diken, Anadolu’da Peyâm-ı Sabah, Basın ve yayın, The War of Independence, Humour, Press
Citation
Uzunpınar, Y. R. (2020). Milli Mücadelenin mizah cepheleri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.