Bursa yöresi sokak köpeklerinde kene, bit ve pire enfestasyonlarının yaygınlığı
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Date
2021-07-27
Authors
Coşkunserçe, Gözde
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışma kapsamında Bursa ilinde üç farklı belediyeye ait sahipsiz hayvan barınağına getirilen 350 sokak köpeği Nisan 2012 ve Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında pire, kene ve bit yönünden muayene edilmiştir. Köpeklerde pire, kene ve bitlerin enfestasyon oranları belirlenmiş ve toplanan veriler konağa ait yaş, cinsiyet, genel durum, tüy uzunluğu, numunenin alındığı mevsim ve barınak lokasyonu gibi değişkenlere göre değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen köpeklerin %59,7’si ektoparaziter açıdan pozitif bulunmuştur. Toplanan ektoparazitler içerisinde yedi farklı tür tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan üçü pire (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans), üçü kene (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Haemaphysalis erinacei) ve biri ise bit türüdür (Trichodectes canis). Çalışma ile ilk defa Türkiye’de köpeklerde Hae. ernacei tespit edilmiştir. Pire, kene ve bit enfestasyon oranları sırasıyla %51,1, %12 ve %4,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. En sık saptanan türler ise C. canis (%43,4), C. felis (%23,4) ve R. sanguineus (%9,7) olmuştur. Cinsiyet ve tüy uzunluğunun kene, pire ve bit türlerinin prevalansı üzerinde etkisi bulunmazken, bir yaşından küçük köpeklerde bir yaş üstü köpeklere göre T. canis ve C. canis enfestasyon oranı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Şişman kategorisindeki hayvanlarda kene enfestasyon oranının zayıf ve normal hayvanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Nilüfer barınağında toplam kene ve T. canis enfestasyonu, diğer çalışma yapılan barınaklara göre (Osmangazi ve Yıldırım) daha yüksek oranda tespit edilmiştir. Köpeklerde pire enfestasyonu tüm mevsimlerde gözlenmiş, en yüksek oran %77,8 ile sonbaharda tespit edilmiştir. Kene enfestasyonlarına en yüksek ilkbahar (%24) ve yaz (%21,4) mevsimlerinde rastlanmıştır. Kış mevsiminde sadece bir hayvandan bir adet R. sanguineus toplanmış, sonbaharda ise hiç kene enfestasyonu görülmemiştir. T. canis tüm mevsimlerde saptanmış, prevalans oranı mevsimlere göre %1,2 ile %8,4 arasında değişmiştir. Diğer taraftan, sokak köpeklerinde saptanan pire ve kenelerle ilgili “düşük şiddetli enfestasyon”ların (pire: 1-5 adet/hayvan; kene: 1-3 adet/hayvan) daha baskın olduğu gözlenmiştir (pire: %76,5; kene: %59,5). Sonuç olarak, yapılan bu araştırmayla Bursa yöresinde sokak köpeklerinde ilk defa bit, pire ve kene enfestasyonlarına yönelik veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda sokak köpeklerinin yıl boyunca değişik tür ektoparazitlerle enfeste oldukları saptanmış, özellikle pire ve kene enfestasyonlarının çok yaygın olduğu görülmüştür. İlçe belediyeleri bünyesindeki barınaklarda toplanan sokak köpeklerine verilen veteriner hekimlik hizmetleri arasında yer alan paraziter mücadelenin daha etkin kılınması adına bu çalışmada elde edilen verilerin dikkate alınmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Within the scope of the study, 350 stray dogs brought to the animal shelters of three different municipalities in Bursa were examined for fleas, ticks and lice between April 2012 and March 2013. Infestation rates of fleas, ticks and lice in dogs were determined and the collected data were evaluated according to variables such as age, gender, general condition, hair length, season of sampling and location of shelter. Of the examined dogs, 59.7% were positive for ectoparasite infestations. Seven different species were found in the collected ectoparasites. Three of them were fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans), three were ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Haemaphysalis erinacei) and one was lice (Trichodectes canis). With this study, Hae. ernacei was detected in dogs for the first time in Turkey. Flea, tick and lice infestation rates were 51.1%, 12% and 4.9%, respectively. The most common species were C. canis (43.4%), C. felis (23.4%) and R. sanguineus (9.7%). While gender and hair length had no effect on the prevalence of tick, flea and lice species, T. canis and C. canis infestation rates were found to be higher in dogs younger than one year of age compared to dogs older than one year. It was determined that the tick infestation rate in obese animals was higher than in lean and normal animals. Total tick and T. canis infestation were found higher in Nilüfer shelter than in other shelters (Osmangazi and Yıldırım). Although flea infestation in dogs was observed in all seasons, the highest rate was found in autumn with 77.8%. Tick infestations were highest in spring (24%) and summer (21.4%). Only one sample of R. sanguineus was collected from one animal in winter, and no tick infestation was observed in autumn. T. canis was detected in all seasons, and the prevalence varied between 1.2% and 8.4% according to the seasons. On the other hand, it was observed that "low-intensity infestations" (1-5 fleas/animal; 1-3 ticks/animal) related to fleas and ticks detected in stray dogs were more dominant (fleas: 76.5%; ticks: 59.5%). As a result, with this research, data on lice, flea and tick infestations were obtained for the first time in stray dogs in Bursa region. In this context, it has been determined that stray dogs are infested with different types of ectoparasites throughout the year, especially flea and tick infestations are very common. It is thought that it would be beneficial to consider the data obtained in this study in order to make the parasitic control, which is among the veterinary medicine services given to the stray dogs collected in the shelters of the district municipalities, more effective.
Within the scope of the study, 350 stray dogs brought to the animal shelters of three different municipalities in Bursa were examined for fleas, ticks and lice between April 2012 and March 2013. Infestation rates of fleas, ticks and lice in dogs were determined and the collected data were evaluated according to variables such as age, gender, general condition, hair length, season of sampling and location of shelter. Of the examined dogs, 59.7% were positive for ectoparasite infestations. Seven different species were found in the collected ectoparasites. Three of them were fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans), three were ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Haemaphysalis erinacei) and one was lice (Trichodectes canis). With this study, Hae. ernacei was detected in dogs for the first time in Turkey. Flea, tick and lice infestation rates were 51.1%, 12% and 4.9%, respectively. The most common species were C. canis (43.4%), C. felis (23.4%) and R. sanguineus (9.7%). While gender and hair length had no effect on the prevalence of tick, flea and lice species, T. canis and C. canis infestation rates were found to be higher in dogs younger than one year of age compared to dogs older than one year. It was determined that the tick infestation rate in obese animals was higher than in lean and normal animals. Total tick and T. canis infestation were found higher in Nilüfer shelter than in other shelters (Osmangazi and Yıldırım). Although flea infestation in dogs was observed in all seasons, the highest rate was found in autumn with 77.8%. Tick infestations were highest in spring (24%) and summer (21.4%). Only one sample of R. sanguineus was collected from one animal in winter, and no tick infestation was observed in autumn. T. canis was detected in all seasons, and the prevalence varied between 1.2% and 8.4% according to the seasons. On the other hand, it was observed that "low-intensity infestations" (1-5 fleas/animal; 1-3 ticks/animal) related to fleas and ticks detected in stray dogs were more dominant (fleas: 76.5%; ticks: 59.5%). As a result, with this research, data on lice, flea and tick infestations were obtained for the first time in stray dogs in Bursa region. In this context, it has been determined that stray dogs are infested with different types of ectoparasites throughout the year, especially flea and tick infestations are very common. It is thought that it would be beneficial to consider the data obtained in this study in order to make the parasitic control, which is among the veterinary medicine services given to the stray dogs collected in the shelters of the district municipalities, more effective.
Description
Keywords
Bursa, Köpek ektoparazitleri, Kene, Bit, Pire, Sokak köpekleri, Canine ectoparasites, Ticks, Lice, Fleas, Stray dogs, Vector borne diseases
Citation
Coşkunserçe, G. (2021). Bursa yöresi sokak köpeklerinde kene, bit ve pire enfestasyonlarının yaygınlığı. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.