2019 Cilt 13 Sayı 37
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Item Open Access Responses of epiphytic lichen diversity on Quercus frainetto to traffic density in the city of Bursa (Turkey)(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-05-13) Güvenç, Şaban; Öztürk, Şule; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.In this study, We investigated the differences in epiphytic lichen diversity, species richness and functional group classification on Quercus frainetto in areas near roads with low, intermediate and high traffic in Bursa City. A total of 40 epiphytic lichen species were found on Q. frainetto. Of these, 16 species were oligotrophic, 15 species were mesotrophic, and 9 were nitrophytic. The lichen diversity value and species richness decreased with increasing traffic density. The mesotrophic species were positively related to Ldv, and were not associated with traffic. The oligotrophic species were positively correlated with traffic, whereas the nitrophytic species were negatively associated with traffic. The eutrophication-tolerant species, such as Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Lecidella elaeochroma, Physcia adscendens and Xanthoria parietina, were abundant on oak trees in low and intermediate traffic areas near agricultural areas.Item Open Access A forensic entomological study in Uludag University campus, Bursa, Turkey(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-04-15) Erdoğan, Ezgi Ecem; Çinkılıç, Nilüfer; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.In this study, we investigated for the first time the succession of forensic entomofauna attracted to fresh calf meat tissue during the June to September 4 month period in 2018 in Bursa /Turkey. Calf muscular tissue was selected in order to perform a forensic entomological examination in a small wooded area in the Uludağ University Campus of Bursa province. The reason for this choice is that the deterioration in the decomposition stages compared to the internal organs and other tissues, the muscle tissue is less intensive and the exposure to bacterial fungi is less. In addition, we preferred calf muscle tissue due to its structural similarity to a human. During the examination period, we found several forensic insects, Dermestes undulatus, Halyomorpha halys, Oniscus asellus, Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Hermetia illucens, Blatta sp were attracted to the calf meat both in the underground and in air cages hanging on a tree. Drosophila sp. and Psychodinae sp. were recorded as an incidental species. This study indicates that in this region of Bursa, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera are the most frequent insect orders useful for estimating forensic cases.Item Open Access Side effects of azadirachtin on some important beneficial insects in laboratory(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-04-03) Cura, Mehmet Sadık; Gençer, Nimet Sema; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.The toxic effect of azadirachtin (0.3 g/L) in recommended dose, its half and twice doses were tested on Encarsia formosa, Aphidius colemani, Orius laevigatus and Nesidiocoris tenuis under laboratory conditions. The mortalities of nymphs and adults were evaluated by the IOBC toxicity rating scale for pesticides. As a result of the study, the product was harmful to O. laevigatus and N. tenuis adults and E. formosa pupa. Slightly and moderately harmful on N. tenuis nymph and A. colemani at recommended and twice doses. In recommended dose it was harmless only on N.tenuis male and E. formosa pupa at 24 h. Twice dose of the product was very toxic to all of the beneficial insects. The adulticide effects on males and females of O. laevigatus and N. tenuis in half dose at 48 h were found to be 83.33% and 75.00% and 78.26% and 76.20%, respectively. Additionally, little toxic effect (28%) was detected for A. colemani at half dose after 48 h. Similarly, at this dose, the mortality rates indicated less toxic effects on N. tenuis nymphs. In conclusion, it was understood that the recommended and twice doses of azadirachtin had negative effects on natural enemies. It was suggested that azadirachtin should be used carefully in pest control programs.Item Open Access A research on the meet of energy needs in broiler plant with solar panels(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-03-20) Erden, Sena; Aydin, Merve; Taşkın, Onur; Vardar, Ali; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.One of the biggest problems of today's enterprises is the high-value electricity costs. In order to solve this problem, solutions should be developed based on solar energy projects. Moreover, by selling after the self-consumption to the grid can be obtained more profit. This study includes the investigation of the rooftop of broiler plant with solar energy system. As a result, the total energy consumption of the plant was calculated as 46782 kWhyear-1 . To cover the consumption, 508 pieces (250 Watt) polycrystalline solar panels were used. The panels can be generate a total energy of 161536 kWhyear-1 . It is foreseen that a total energy of 114754 kWhyear-1 can be supply to the grid and 15264 $year-1 income can be obtain. The payback period of the system was found 5.9 years.Item Open Access Mathematical modeling of ultrasound pretreated carrot slices(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-03-20) Polat, Ahmet; İzli, Nazmi; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.In this study, the effects of ultrasound pretreatment, air drying temperature and slice thickness on the drying kinetics of carrot were analyzed. Ultrasound pretreatments were applied to carrot samples of different slice thicknesses with for 0 (control), 20 and 40 minutes. All products were dried in the convection oven with constant air speed 1 m s-1 . The drying times varied from 260 to 110 minutes depending on the varying slice thicknesses, temperatures and the applied ultrasound pretreatments. In order to determine a suitable thin layer model for drying applications, 10 different mathematical models were fitted to the experimental results. The model was selected as the best model with the highest value of R 2 (Regression coefficient), lowest RMSE (Root mean square error) and χ2 (Chi-square). As a result of the statistical evaluation, it was determined that the Midilli et al. model is the most suitable model for explaining the convective drying characteristics of carrot according to other models. Consequently, ultrasound pretreatment can be used as a favorable method for reducing the drying time of the carrots in the convective process.Item Open Access The effect of various carbohydrate sources on half-life, biological traits and microbial flora of the bee digestive system(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-03-07) Karimi, Hamid Reza; Abadi, Saeed; Shahryar, Habib Aghdam; Teli, Abdulahad Shaddel; Nobar, Ramin SalamatdoustThe research was conducted in a completely randomized design in 12 treatments and 6 replicates in an incubator on Apis Mellifera Meda, which started from the first half of May 2018 and was carried out until the end of July at the Isfahan Agricultural Research Center. The treatments included white sugar, brown sugar, honey as control and corn liquid fructose, corn starch, wheat starch and potato starch in sweet dough, which was tested in proportion of 15% and 30%. The measured traits consisted of feed intake, half-life, carcass protein and lactobacillus and Coliform content of honey bees’ digestive systems. The results indicated that the treatments showed a significant difference in all traits (p <0.05) and the highest feed intake was related to honey treatment (42.50 g) and the lowest amount of sweet dough containing 30% wheat starch (21.50g), the lowest 50% mortality rate was related to sweet dough (40 days) and the highest mortality rate was related to sweet dough containing 30% corn starch (10 days) .According to the results, sweet dough treatments containing 15% starch in total showed better results than sweet dough treatments containing 30% starch.Item Open Access Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) from soils using additives: ambient air applications(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-03-06) Tandoğan, Büşra; Şanlı, Gizem Eker; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds from the soil samples taken from around a cement plant in Bursa-Turkey. Ambient air applications were carried out, and the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2), diethylamine (DEA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the removal of PCBs were determined. Firstly, the soil samples without any additives were exposed to ambient air conditions for 24 hours. Then, TiO2, DEA and H2O2 were added to the soils at 1%, 10% and 20% of the soil dry weight. The PCB concentrations were measured using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Only 2% Σ82 PCB removal efficiency was obtained in the sample prepared without using additive. This value reached 86% when 10% DEA was used as an additive. It was concluded that sunlight was not effective in the degradation of PCBs in soil without the use of additives and DEA was the most efficient photocatalyst for this study. Among the all ambient air applications, the 4- and 5- chlorine homolog group compounds were removed at the maximum ratio, while the 8- and 9- chlorine homolog group showed the lowest removal efficiency.