2017 Cilt 11 Sayı 33
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Item Open Access Phenological and pomological characteristics of local pear (Pyrus communis L) varieties grown in Siirt(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-12-23) Ertaş, Abdüsselam; Özrenk, Koray; Çavuşoğlu, ŞeydaThis research was conducted on the local pear varieties that are grown in Siirt Central district, Tillo, Sirvan, Eruh, Kurtalan, Pervari districts and in their villages. Thirty local pear variety samples,which has high quality and high market value were collected between 2014 and 2015. Pomological characteristics and phenological observations were evaluated on selected fruit trees and collected fruit samples. Bud burst, beginning of flowering, full flowering, end of blooming, flowering time and number of days from full bloom to harvest, and harvest data were collected in order to determine phenological characteristics of local pear types grown in Siirt province. Fruit weight was found between 27.33 and 300.26 g, while fruit size was observed to be between 30.95 and 93.64 mm, width of fruit between 33.61 and 73.21 mm, fruit stalk length between 21.68 and 52.65 mm, fruit stalk thickness between 0.38 and 4.53 mm, Width of core was ranging from 2.48 to 6.12 mm, while length of core was ranging from 6.52to10.85 mm. Soluble solid content was found to be between 8.7514.50 % , whreas titratable acidity was observed to be within the range of 0.85-3.27 % and pH of pear juice was observed to ve between 3.54 and 4.67. Moreover, the grittiness and taste properties were also determined on the rind and pulp color of the local pears.Item Open Access The importance of saffron plant in Afghanistan's agriculture(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-12-14) Moradi, Mohammad Masoud; Turhan, Şule; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü.In Afghanistan, about 80% of the country's population is engaged in agriculture. Therefore, agriculture has a very important place in the country's economy. As in other agricultural crops and products in recent years, the production of saffron plants is closely affecting the economy of the country. Saffron plant is also called the red gold in the country, because it is economically very important and expensive plant. Production and trade of saffron plant is taking place in different parts of the world, especially in countries like Greece, Turkey, Spain, Iran, India, Afghanistan, Morocco. More than 90% of production takes place in Iran. This important plant has been known in Afghanistan since ancient times, and production is done even if it is in a small amount. In 2002, saffron production became more important again and production started. Production is rapidly increasing as a result of the support provided by various national as well as international institutions and organizations in Afghanistan. Now saffron plant is recognized as an alternative to poppy. Nowadays saffron production takes place in almost everywhere in the country. About 5-6 tons of saffron is being produced annually in the Herat region of Afghanistan.Item Open Access Microbiological monitoring of olive fermentation process of Gemlik type dry-salted black olives and investigation of the effect of pasteurization on the product’s shelf life(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-11-17) Alak, Sibel; Uylaşer, Vildan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.In the present research, the microbiological changes that occurred during the fermentation process of traditionally produced Gemlik style dry-salted olives, locally known as “sele”, were monitored. Following the fermentation process, microbiological, chemical and organoleptic changes were investigated for the products which were stored at room temperature for a period of 6 months after various pasteurization processes (non-brined, oiled and non-oiled). At the initial stages of fermentation, microbial flora consisted of molds and lactic acid bacteria, and in the following stages no presence of lactic acid bacteria could be detected. None of Gemlik style dry-salted (sele) olive samples contained coliform bacteria. During the storage period, the highest total bacteria count (1,2x105 cfu/g) was detected in the control-oiled group and the lowest total count (10 cfu/g) was observed in the pasteurized non-oiled group. The samples within the control group exhibited mold growth, whereas the pasteurized samples rarely exhibited yeast/mold growth. Throughout the storage period, dry matter, pH, total acidity, protein, oil content and oleuropein (absorbance) values of samples were monitored, and no significant change was observed among the sample groups. In general, all samples were relished according to the organoleptic evaluation results conducted after fermentation and throughout the storage period. However, with their attractive appearance, oiled group Gemlik style dry-salted (sele) olives were preferred at higher rates compared to non-oiled samples with dull appearance. Additionally, the slightly rancid taste of oiled group samples towards the end of the storage period, received adverse opinions of some of the panelists. Saltiness values, on the other hand, were found to be at normal levels.Item Open Access Relationships between body condition score in dry-off, calving or different lactation days and selected reproductive parameters in dairy cows(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-11-17) Kara, Nurcan Karslıoğlu; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between body condition score in dry-off, calving or different lactation days and selected reproductive parameters in dairy cows. In this study, body condition scoring (using a 5-point scale with quarter-point divisions) was performed on 130 Holstein dairy cows in six period included dry-off (BCSD), calving (BCSC), days in milk (DIM) 70, 140, 210 and 280 (BCS70, BCS140, BCS210, BCS280) and analyzed its relationships with selected reproductive parameters (calving interval [CI], calving to first service [CFS], calving to conception interval [CCI] and service per conception [SC]). The relationships among the BCS assessment periods, the relationships between the difference of BCSD and BCS70 (BCSD-70) with BCSD and BCS140 (BCSD-140) and calving to first service (CFS) were found important (P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively). Also, the relationship between CFS and calving interval (CI) and average BCS (BCSavg) during lactation were found important (P<0.01, P<0.05). While the relationship with dry-off and calving and selected reproductive parameters was not found to be statistically important, an important relationship was found between BCS70 and CFS, CI (P<0.01, P<0.05), BCS140 and BCS210 with CFS (P<0.01, P<0.05). When the effect of the determined relationships were assessed, the effects of BCS70 and BCS140 on CFS were found important (P<0.05, P<0.01). As a conclusion, it can be said that optimum BCS interval in DIM70 and DIM140 are 2.0< BCS70 ≤ 3.5 and 2.0< BCS140 ≤ 3.75; respectively for minimum CFS. Also in considering the possible negative effects of BCS loss in early lactation on reproductive performance, the optimum BCS interval in calving has been determined to be 2.25≤ BCSC ≤ 3.25 for minimum condition loss in postpartum in this study.Item Open Access Floppy kid disease: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach in kids suffering from FKD in Northern Cyprus(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-12-08) Sayıner, Serkan; Temizel, Ethem Mutlu; Kavukçu, Fatih; Karakuş, Adil Ömer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.Floppy Kid Disease (FKD) is a condition which is characterized with metabolic acidosis, generalized anorexia and muscle weakness that can be seen in young goat kids. During the course of an investigation on goat kids suffering from muscle weakness and increased deaths in a goat farm in Cyprus, 10 kids were evaluated. Hematological and biochemical examinations were performed for clinically depressive 5 kids. Also, blood gas analysis were performed for clinically depressive other 5 kids on the next day. As a result of the evaluation, blood pH values of 3 kids were 7.35, 7.33 and 7.26 in blood gas analysis and in addition to that base excess values of these kids were -3.90, -4.0 and -6.8, respectively. Furthermore, BHB values of these kids, which can be generated as a mid-product of D Lactate, were high and especially the kid with a pH value of 7.26 had BHB level of 160 μmol/L. Following the treatment, only 2 kids died during 1 month of follow-up treatment. This study emphasizes the importance of metabolic acidosis and related parameters in diagnosis of FKD. In general, separation of kids from nannies and giving them oral bicarbonate were thought to be effective for Floppy Kid Disease.Item Open Access Crystallization studies of a low molecular weight xylanase from scytalidium thermophilum(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-12-12) Kocabaş, Didem Sutay; Yurtdaş, ErenXylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which lately attracted increasing attention due to their broad use in different industrial processes. Scytalidium thermophilum xylanase was previously shown by our research group to be a potential candidate for the industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize the crystal growth conditions of xylanase for further structural studies. Initial crystallization conditions were screened by using commercial kits with sitting drop vapor diffusion method. Consequently, optimization studies were carried out by changing the xylanase concentration, pH, reservoir solution to xylanase ratio in the drop and precipitant concentration. As a result of the study, the best xylanase crystal was obtained from the solution containing 1.8 M ammonium citrate dibasic, 0.1 M sodium acetate trihydrate at pH 4.6 and 2 mg/ml enzyme at 18°C with streak seeding. The largest and well shaped single xylanase crystal at a size of 320 µm with a light-brown color, which has the potential as a starting point of further X-ray diffraction analysis and structural studies, was obtained.Item Open Access Comparison of photosynthetic pigment contents in lichen samples were collected from different localities in Bursa(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-09-10) Karakaş, Vesile Ebru; Öztürk, Şule; Oran, Seyhan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.In this study, contents of photosynthetic pigment in foliose Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and fruticose Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf were compared. Lichen species were collected from five localities at Osmangazi and İznik districts in Bursa. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total carotenoid contents (mg/g), chlorophyll-a/chlorophyll-b ratio, total carotenoid/total chlorophyll ratio and OD435/OD415 ratio in the lichen extracts were differently determined between localities. These changes were found statistically significant (p<0.001). The highest chlorophyll-a contents were measured in Osmangazi-Soğukpınar (2.79±0.17 m/g), İznik-İhsaniye (2.37±0.24 mg/g), the lowest contents of chlorophyll-a were measured in İznik-Sağırhisar (2.02±0.21 mg/g), İznik-Nüzhetiye (2.22±0.19 mg/g). These results have been observed that Soğukpınar and İhsaniye localities were less affected by anthropogenic effects due to their presence in the rural areas. Whereas, the localities of Sağırhisar and Nüzhetiye were affected by agricultural activities. Only, the difference between total carotenoids/total chlorophyll ratio was not statistically significant. In addition, it has been found between the lichen species. The changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments of Pseudevernia furfuracea were much more than Hypogymnia physodes. These results showed that negative atmospheric conditions are more effective at fruticose lichens than at foliose lichens.Item Open Access Welfare and biosecurity in sheep farms: Case study: Bursa province(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-10-05) Altınçekiç, Şeniz Öziş; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.This study intends to put forth observation and survey results with respect to analysis on characteristics of animal welfare and biosecurity in sheep farms of Bursa province, Turkey. The farms were divided in three groups: small-size farms (50 to 100 head), medium-size farms (101 to 150 head) and large-size farms (above 151 head). Biosecurity is a new concept to farms; nevertheless, breeders showed various accurate approaches regardless of the size of farm and despite the relative ignorance about the issue. According to hereby study, assessment on certain structural and production characteristics of farms with regard to animal welfare and biosecurity revealed that they were insufficient but open for improvement in terms of husbandry and management practices, maintenance and administration practices, sanitation and structural characteristics.