2016 Cilt 10 Sayı 30
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Item Open Access The effect of acetic, formic and propionic acids on plant pathogenic fungi(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-12-23) Şehirli, Sercan; Saydam, Cansu; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.The efficiency of low or non-toxic chemicals is alternatives to fungicide usage. Especially, GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) compounds are quite suitable to prevent plant disease development. Propionic, formic and acetic acid were selected to state antifungal activities on some soilborne plant pathogens that are in the GRAS chemicals list. GRAS compounds were tested on, Macrophomina phaseolina, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani to understand the efficiencies of organic acids on the plant pathogen development. The mycelial growth inhibition of propionic, formic and acetic acids was determined. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of the organic compounds were stated also. Propionic was significantly better than formic and acetic acid. Propionic acid at 0.7%, formic acid at 0.9% and acetic acid at 1.8% concentration was totally inhibited mycelial growth of all fungi, respectively. Organic compounds efficiency was variable and shown a different impact on fungi based on their resistance. B. cinerea, S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum resistance was higher than R. solani and M. phaseolina.Item Open Access Acute toxicity of abamectin (Insecticide) on Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-12-16) Azgın, Cansev; Göksu, Münir Ziya LugalAbamectin is used for the insect and mite pests control cotton, citrus fruit, vegetables, potatoes and other crops. Abamectin is not directly used in aquatic ecosystems, but it may have adverse impact on aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of abamectin (insecticide) on Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera, Crustacea). D. magna were obtained from the Çukurova University Fisheries Faculty Freshwater Fish Research and Application Station. In the experiment, five different concentrations and one control group have been used. Each experiment was repeated two times. In this research, the static test method of acute toxicity test was used. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 20±2 oC. The results have been estimated with the dose-response data and were fitted with a log-logistic model by using R 3.0 statistical computation environment and DRC library. The 24-h and 48-h acute LC50 values were determined. According to the results, acute toxic effects researched Abamectin, the 24 h and 48 h LC50 acute toxic lethal concentration values for D. magna were calculated to be 0.020 µgl-1 and 0.0043 µgl-1 .Item Open Access Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using glycine max (Merril); through phytoaccumulation or rhizosphere effect?(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-12-01) Njoku, Kelechi Longinus; Akinola, Modupe Olatunde; Oboh, Bolanle OlufumilayoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the process which Glycine max (soybean) uses in the phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. A screen house experiment was conducted with different amounts (25g, 50g and 75g) of crude oil-contaminated soil for 110 days. The initial and final total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contents of the contaminated soils and that in the plant tissues were measured and the bacterial loads and types in the soil samples were determined at the end of the study. The soil pH, moisture and organic matter contents were also determined every 21 days for 110 days. Soil samples for the above analyses were obtained from the soils treated with the various amounts of crude oil with and without G. max (which served as the control). The investigation revealed that the initial TPH values of the soils were higher than the final TPH values and that there were lower TPH values in the soils with G. max compared to soils without G. max. The growth of G. max led to 52.48% reduction against 50.15% reduction in non-vegetated soil, 66.93% reduction against 44.57% reduction in non-vegetated soil and 49.04% reduction against 44.31% reduction in soil contaminated with 25g, 50g and 75g crude oil respectively The bacterial load, pH, moisture content and the organic matter contents of the crude oil contaminated soil were significantly affected by the growth of G. max at different levels of significance (P<0.05; P<0.01; P<0.001). The results of this study have shown that the growth of G. max on crude oil contaminated soil reduces the TPH level, enhances bacterial growth, improves the soil pH and improves the moisture content (for high level contamination). Thus, it is suggested that G. max is a good candidate for remediating crude oil contaminated soil and that it remediates crude oil contaminated soils through rhizospheric effect.Item Open Access Seed dormancy and germination of Heliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae), a Widespread Summer-annual weed(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-07) Veiga-Barbosa, Luciana; Pérez-García, FélixHeliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae) is a summer-annual weed of European origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the germination requirements of H. europaeum and to determine if seeds present some type of dormancy. Cold stratification and soaking in gibberellic acid (GA3) were used as pre-sowing treatments for breaking dormancy in H. europaeum seeds. Untreated seeds showed an extremely high dormancy at all tested incubation temperatures (only ≤ 2% of them germinated after 8 weeks of incubation), and GA3 and cold stratification drastically improved germination percentages (≥ 80%). The highest germination percentages of H. europaeum seeds soaked in GA3 were achieved at the highest constant temperature (30ºC) and alternating temperatures (25/15ºC and 30/20ºC). Moreover, the lowest germination rates were observed at the two lowest constant temperatures (15ºC and 20ºC). Germination of seeds soaked in GA3 increased as concentration of acid increased (from 10 to 1000 mg L -1 ). Similarly, cold stratification increased germination at all tested stratification periods (from 7 to 360 days). Since embryos are fully developed and seed mass increased 52% after 24 hours of imbibition, showing that seed coat is water permeable, we conclude that H. europaeum seeds present physiological dormancy. Cold stratification and treatment with GA3 were two effective methods for overcoming the physiological dormancy in seeds of H. europaeum. Knowledge of germination requirements may aid in developing tools and strategies for management of this weed.Item Open Access Serological investigation of a botulism outbreak in cattle in Bolu, Turkey(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-12-16) Akgül, Gülşah; Temizel, Ethem Mutlu; Mecitoğlu, Zafer; Özyiğit, Özgür; Alp, Ruchan; Kennerman, Engin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi.Botulism is a disease caused by toxins, which produced by Clostridium botulinum. The aim of the study is to asses results of serologic (ELISA antibody) evaluation in clinically normal, randomize selected cattle living where outbreak area and selected clinically normal cattle from Bursa, different area. All of the blood samples from outbreak area (n:60) and control blood samples (n:10) were tested in two different laboratory in Germany for anti-BoNT antibodies using antibody ELISA which used purified A, B, C and D BoNT antigens and separately ruminal fluids, sera samples from 2 animals suffering from suspected Botulism were analyzed in Istanbul. The diseases were determined in four different villages. Hundred sixty six cattle were died during 2.5 year. In outbreak area, clinical findings included a paralyzed tongue, decreased rumen contractions, decreased muscle tones, incoordination, lateral recumbency, progressing to weakness of extremities and progressively paralysis was back to front. In the study, BoNT/C and BoNT/D were predominant serotype. In some cattle, we found positive in same animal both of BoNT/C and BoNT/D. It may be related with BoNT/C-D mosaic gene serotype. The outbreak illustrates that botulism is increasingly encountered disease in our country and will be important issue in future. Therefore, we should develop control strategies and further comprehensive studies are needed.Item Open Access Lichenized fungi of Karadağ mountain (Karacabey-Bursa)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-12-28) Gül, Mustafa; Güvenç, Şaban; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.In this study, 134 taxa belonging to 60 genera were determined from 30 localities in Karadağ Mountain located within the boundaries of the Karacabey district in Bursa province. 27 of 134 taxa is new record for Bursa, and 63 taxa is new for Karacabey districts.