2016 Cilt 10 Sayı 29
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Item Open Access Biogas potential in Görükle campus of Uludağ University(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-08) Alibaş, İlknur; Erdoğan, Hilal; Yılmaz, Aslıhan; Alibaş, Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.In this study, the potential of animal manure of the Application Research Centres of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Ranch of Veterinary Medicine and located within the boundaries of Görükle Campus at Uludağ University, the waste of rapeseed, sunflower, and wheat production of the Agricultural Research and Application Centre at the Agricultural Faculty and food waste of all dining halls, restaurants and cafeterias, particularly the Central Dining Hall, situated on the campus was determined in order to determine the biogas potential of the campus. As the dry matter, based on the organic waste potential, the biogas potential relating of the campus was calculated to be 499962.91 m 3 . It was determined that 17.95% of this potential consisted of animal manure, 46.15% of it consisted of agricultural production waste and 35.90% of it consisted of food waste. It was calculated that the electric energy potential obtained by transforming the biogas potential into electric energy by means of a generator was 980.22 MWh.Item Open Access Allelopathy of heliotropium europaeum (Boraginaceae): Influence on small grain cereals(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-07) Aliloo, Ali AsgharIn this research, probable allelopathic effects of Heliotrope were investigated on early growth of wheat and barley. Aqueous extracts of the plant at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations were prepared from whole dried plants and distilled water was used as control. Results indicated that released allelochemicals from Heliotrope had inhibitory effects on germination and seedling growth of the test seeds when compared with the control. With increasing aqueous concentrations the inhibitory effects were severed and the highest concentration (20%) had maximum inhibitions on both traits. The results also revealed that the sensitivity of the plants to allelochemicals was different. Wheat was more tolerant than barley to the materials. The results also showed that the root growth was more susceptible than shoot growth under chemical stresses. Allelochemicals changed seed reserve remobilization rates. The weight of reserve mobilization and seed reserve depletion percentage decreased while seed reserve utilization efficiency improved. These findings suggest that the catabolism reactions are more susceptible to allelochemicals than anabolic reactions. It was concluded that Heliotrope had a powerful allelopathic effect on the early growth of the crop plants and the interference of Heliotrope was a species-specific phenomenon.Item Open Access Interrelationships between nitrogen rate and wild oat density on oilseed rape yield components(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-07) Karimi, Hadis; Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza; Valaie, NiushaIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on oilseed rape yield and yield component under wild oat densities, a field experiment was conducted in Shiraz University, Iran, during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. Treatments included four nitrogen levels (zero, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 ) and four densities of wild oat (zero, 15, 30, and 45 plants m 2 ). The result showed that number of pods per main stem and secondary branches, number of seeds per main and secondary pods, 1000-seed weight, grain and biological yield was significantly increased by enhancement of nitrogen levels from zero to 150 kg ha-1 at weed-free treatments. Also, weed interference significantly reduced grain yield up to 41% under 50 and 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen application in comparison 150 kg ha-1 . Regardless of oilseed rape yield, weed dry weight was significantly increased with increasing the nitrogen levels, suggesting that high levels of nitrogen favor the crop over the weeds. This experiment suggested that oilseed rape grain and biological yield was affected more by high nitrogen levels at maximum weed density.Item Open Access Antifungal efficiency of biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-01) Şehirli, Sercan; Saydam, Cansu; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.In the present study, six different biological control agents were used against phytopathogenic fungi to determine the antifungal activities. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum-T. viride, Aureobasidium pullulans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis. These bio control agents were used against phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, respectively. In vitro antagonism screening was carried out to test six antagonists against phytopathogenic fungi. Assessment of phytopathogenic fungi mycelial growth was done in 7 days at 25oC after its placement on the culture medium. The all antagonists were shown high inhibition on fungi mycelial growth. The most effective antagonist against fungi was T. harzianum and efficiency rate were continued with Bacillus subtilis, Aureobasidium pullulans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, respectively. Subsequently, in the second phase of in vitro, Captan, Maneb and Thiram were used to determine efficiency on fungi’s culture and survivability of the biocontrol agents. Fungicide dose was selected in label for each one and was used half, recommended and double concentrations. The most resistant plant pathogens against fungicides were M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum, on the other hand, most sensitive were R. solani and S. sclerotiorum when compare to all.Item Open Access Regional altitude and soil physicochemical factors ınfluence the essential oil of thymus pubescens (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-08-01) Dizajeyekan, Yousef Imani; Haghighi, Ahmad Razban; Gajoti, Tohid EbrahimiThe aim of this research was to study the effects of regional altitude and soil physicochemical factors on essential oil of Thymus pubescens. To achieve this goal, aerial parts of this species and top 30 cm soil samples of from five regions in East Azarbaijan province of Iran was collected. Oil samples were extracted by hydrodistillation method. Percentage of essential oil with soil pH has a significant positive relation and there is significant negative relation with altitude. Evaluating environmental factors, we found regional altitude and soil pH as the important factors influencing the production of oil. We conclude that ecological factors are important and should be taken into account for cultivation of Thymus pubescens.Item Open Access Laboratory evaluation of tween 20 for potential use in control of cacopsylla pyri l. eggs and nymphs (Homoptera: Psyllidae)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-10) Pehlevan, Bilgi; Kovancı, Orkun Barış; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.The toxicity of the Tween 20, also known as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, was evaluated against the summerform pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) under laboratory conditions. Tween 20 was applied at 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 20 and 30 ml/l concentrations onto eggs and nymphs of C. pyri on pear shoots. Water was used as a control treatment. The toxic effect on eggs and nymphs was determined by counting treated eggs and nymphs, live or dead. Despite low toxicity to psyllid eggs, Tween 20 showed significant toxic effects against nymphs. The mortality rates of eggs were 3.2%, 2.1%, 1.0%, 12.8%, 13.5%, 100.0%, 100.0% at 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 20 and 30 ml/l concentrations, respectively. The highest toxic activity was recorded at concentrations of 20 and 30 ml/l. The mortality rates of nymphs were 7.2%, 21.0%, 49.9%, 96.5%, 100.0%, 96.5%, and 100.0% at above concentrations in the same order, respectively. Tween 20 at 3, 7, 10, 20 and 30 ml/l concentrations showed the highest toxic activity to psyllid nymphs, while concentrations of 1 and 2 ml/l had the lowest toxicity compared to water control. No significant phytotoxic effect was observed at all concentrations except for concentrations at 20 and 30 ml/l. In conclusion, Tween 20, either alone or in combination with pesticides, may provide an effective alternative to control pear psylla nymphs.