2007 Cilt 1 Sayı 1
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Item Open Access A PCR- ELISA for the detection of Salmonella from chicken intestine(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Eyigör, Ayşegül; Goncagül, Gülşen; Çarlı, K. Tayfun; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Gıda Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Mikrobiyoloji Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Yenişehir İbrahim Orhan Meslek Yüksekokulu.In this study, a Polymerase Chain Reaction Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (PCR-ELISA) was described to detect Salmonella DNA from selective primary enrichment culture of chicken intestine. Salmonella genus-specific PCR product was produced using invA-specific primers and digoxigenin by commercial PCR ELISA DIG Labelling and ELISA DIG Detection kits. PCR-ELISA detection limits with S. Enteritidis 64K DNA, pure culture, and with the intestinal homogenate artificiallycontaminated with this strain were found as 0.0079 µg ml-1, 50 cfu ml-1, and 70 cfu ml-1, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was determined as 100% with the tests performed with 41 Salmonella enterica serovar DNAs, with non-Salmonella strains, Citrobacter sp., E. coli, Klebsiella sp., P. aeruginosa, and Streptococcus sp. DNAs, and with 124 tetrathionate broth enrichment cultures of Salmonella-contaminated chicken intestinal samples. We suggest that this PCR-ELISA detection could be an alternative method to detect Salmonella-specific DNA from chicken intestine, and it would find use particularly in highsample throughput laboratories in the poultry sector.Item Open Access Landfill leachate treatment by the combination of physicochemical methods with adsorption process(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Kılıç, Melike Yalılı; Kestioğlu, Kadir; Yonar, Taner; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.The pretreatment with lime, ammonia stripping, chemical coagulation and activated carbon adsorption were used respectively for Bursa region leachate in this study. It was used that the first alternative, pretreatment with lime+ammonia stripping+neutralization were operated. This alternative achieved 19% COD removal and performed the capital and annual operating costs of $175 m-3 and $5 m-3, respectively. In this study, the second alternative included chemical coagulation+ammonia stripping+granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This alternative flow scheme achieved to produce an effluent COD of 160 mg L-1, which complied with Turkish discharge standard for receiving media and capital&annual operating cost were estimated to be $383 m-3 and $18 m-3, respectively. Consequently, the second alternative was determined to be appropriate according to discharge standard. But, it’s capital and operating costs are very high for discharge to surface water. The following pretreatment with lime, co-treatment with municipial waste water is appropriate for lower treatment costs. Recommended this solution shows suitable results about treatment ammonia and heavy metals. Furthermore this solution can help that the developing countries adopt landfill leachate treatment.Item Open Access A faunistic study on spiders (Araneae) of Terzioğlu Island (Uluabat Lake, Bursa)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Kaya, Rahşen S.; Uğurtaş, İsmail Hakkı; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.Terzioğlu Island of Uluabat Lake (Bursa), west part of Turkey, was surveyed for Araneae between September 2003 and July 2005. This work represents the most recent spider faunal survey of Terzioğlu Island. Spiders of 35 species belonging to 33 genera and 16 families were collected. The Palearctic species are dominant in the island. Glyptogona sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1863) of family Araneidae and Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846) of family Salticidae are new records to the Turkish araneofauna.Item Open Access Determination of binding sites of replication protein A (RPA) on the promoter of glycogen phosphorylase 2 gene in Dictyostelium discoideum(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Çöl, Bekir; Rutherford, Charles L.Replication protein A (RPA) has multifunctional roles in the cell including DNA replication, DNA repair, recombination and regulation of transcription. RPA has been identified in numerous organisms having a highly conserved protein structure, composed of three subunits of around 70, 32, and 14 kDa. The cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, is a social amoeba used as a model organism in studies including the ones aimed at understanding cell differentiation and cellular pathways involved in human diseases and this organism has a homolog of RPA (DdRPA). Glycogen phosphorylase 2 (encoded by gp2) is involved in cell differentiation and DdRPA has been suggested to bind a part of the gp2 promoter as shown by gel shift assays. In this study, in vitro footprint analysis has been used to identify the binding sites of the DdRPA protein, purified from amoeba and slug stages of the organism, on the gp2 promoter. The results indicate that DdRPA binds to the nucleotides in the C box region, the TAG box region, TA box-1 (-608bp) and upstream regions (-636bp). Thus, DdRPA behaves like a general DNA binding protein under these conditions, binding to several regions on the gp2 promoter. However, the TAG box region has been identified as the binding region for the DdRPA from amoeba cells, but not for the DdRPA from slug cells. This suggests that DdRPA could possibly be involved in the regulation of gp2 gene expression during cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum.Item Open Access Lichen records from Southeast and East Anatolian region (Turkey)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Oran, Seyhan; Öztürk, Şule; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.In this study, 278 lichen specimens, collected from sixteen localities in Adıyaman, Ağrı, Batman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Kars, Mardin and Şanlıurfa provinces, which located in Southeast and East Anatolian regions, were investigated. Onehundered and nine taxa were determined belonging to thirty six genera. Among the specimens that we are collected from the study region, 85 of them were reported previously. Our results indicated that 24 taxa are new to Southeast and East Anatolian region. Rinodina rinodinoides (Anzi) H. Mayrhofer & Scheid. is new record for Turkey.Item Open Access A new record for the flora of Turkey: Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Daşkın, Ruziye; Yılmaz, Özer; Kaynak, Gönül; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae) subsp. maculata is collected from Uludağ Mountain (Bursa, Turkey) and is reported for the first time for the Flora of Turkey. The description of the species has also been expanded, following collection of specific plant materials. A comparison between our specimens and Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum H. Baumann & Künkele - the closest species to these specimens - is provided, and their distributions in Turkey are shown on a map.Item Open Access Characterization, classification and agricultural usage of vertisols developed on neogen aged calcareous marl parent materials(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Özsoy, Gökhan; Aksoy, Ertuğrul; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bölümü.Vertisols that strongly influenced by argillipedoturbation, contain high levels of plant nutrients and well productive when irrigated. However, owing to their high clay content, they are not well suited to cultivation without painstaking management. The aim of this research was to determine physical, chemical and morphological properties and classification of the Vertisols formed on neogene clay lime deposits under intensive agricultural actives in the Bursa province which is the fourth most industrialized and populated city in Turkey. Vertisols comprise 23.693 hectares or 2,1 percent of the land area of Bursa Province. Most of the Vertisols are under the rain-fed agriculture practices and cereals (wheat and barley), tobaccos, and sunflowers are the most important cash crops. Some of them are irrigated for horticultural crops (tomato, pepper and onion) and sugar beets production. According to findings from preliminary field-works and the existing maps and reports, eleven different soil profiles formed on the neogene aged calcareous marl parent materials were described and sampled. All studied Vertisols are found to be generally deep, dark colored with strong wedge-shaped structure, high in CEC and base saturation with calcium and magnesium occupying more than 90 percent of the exchange site, low organic material and have sufficient amounts of nutrients for crops. The agricultural potential of the soils were also found to be limited due to high clay and CaCO3 contents of sub surface horizons, steep slopes and a hard pan formation due to inappropriate soil tilling. On the basis of morphological and physicochemical analysis, soil profiles were classified as a Typic and Chromic Haploxerert according to Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1975 and 1999) and as an Eutric Vertisol according to FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World Legend (FAO/Unesco, 1974 and 1990) classification systems.Item Open Access Enzyme-related aflatoxin production in vital organs of rats fed with Aspergillus species- inoculated rat chow(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Fapohunda, Stephen Oyedele; Awoyinka, Olayinka Anthony; Olajuyigbe, Olufunmiso Olusola; Ezekiel, Chibundu Ngozi; Esiaba, IjeomaWister strain Albino rats were fed with 40 mL distilled water and 20g of rat chow inoculated with Aspergillus tamarii Kita IMI 393765 and Aspergillus flavus Link IMI 393766 daily for 7 days. A progressive weight loss and reduced sluggishness accompanied very high activity at OD 540 of hepato-specific enzymes-Glutamate oxalate transaminase and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase in the heart and kidney of rats having continuous 7-day contact with Aspergillus flavus. Statistical analyses revealed significance at 0.05 % level of probability. A corresponding high aflatoxin level (above 20 ppb) was also determined in all the vital organs. Both enzyme and aflatoxin levels were comparatively lower in the liver and perforations were recorded in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to content leakage. Lower values, though higher than the control, were recorded in those fed on Aspergillus tamarii-inoculated rat chow, which also experienced no GI tract damage.