Ormangülü ve deli bal
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Date
2011
Authors
Çeter, Talip
Güney, Kerim
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Fundagiller ailesi (Ericaceae) kuzey ve güney yarımkürenin ılıman bölgelerinde yayılmış yaklaşık 128 cins ile temsil edilir. Çalı veya ağaç şeklinde, nadir olarak otsu bitkilerden oluşur. Ormangülleri Çin, Tibet, Burma, Nepal, Yeni Gine, Tropik Asya, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika’da yayılış gösteren 700 türe sahiptir. Yaşam alanları deniz seviyesinden başlayarak 4000 m yüksekliğe kadar çıkmaktadır. Türleri 20 cm ile 30 metre arasında değişen çalı ve ağaç formlardan oluşmaktadır. Ormangülleri nem oranı yüksek, organik madde bakımından zengin, derin ve iyi drenaja sahip asidik topraklarda iyi gelişim göstermektedir Ülkemizde ise deniz seviyesinde 3200 m yüksekliğe kadar yayılış gösteren R. ponticum, R. luteum, R. ungernii, R. smirnovii ve R. caucasicum olmak üzere 5 türü ve bunlara bağlı 12 taksonu bulunmaktadır. Halk arasında Ağu yada komar olarak da adlandırılan orman gülleri Batı Karadeniz’den Doğu Karadeniz’e kadar sahil ormanları veya orman arasındaki açıklıklarda geniş bir yayılışa sahiptir. Deli bal, yüksek oranda grayanotoksin içeren Sapindaceae familyası ve Ericaceae familyasının Rhododendron ponticum ve Rhododendron luteum türlerinin nektarının bal arıları tarafından toplanması, dehidre edilip, olgunlaşması sonucu oluşturulan doğal bir üründür. Halk arasında tutar bal veya acı bal olarak da adlandırılan deli bal belli miktarın üzerinde alındığında zehirlenmeye neden olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar Rhododendron balının insan sağlığına zarar vermeyen dozunun 5 g/100 kg (bir kahve kaşığı) olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmalar antioksidant aktivite gösteren orman gülü balının tıbbi açıdan önemli bir biyolojik aktiviteye sahip olduğu, aynı zamanda birçok bakteriye karşı antibakteriyel etki gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde alternatif tedavi olarak mide-barsak rahatsızlıklarında (gastrit, mide ülseri, kabızlık), hipertansiyonda, koroner kalp hastalığında ve seksüel gücü artırdığına inanıldığından iktidarsızlıkta kullanılmaktadır.
Introduction: The Ericaceae is represented by approximately 128 types spread across temperate regions of northern and southern hemisphere. Shaped like shrub or tree, it is rarely consisted of welwitschia. The Rhododendron has 700 taxa spread across China, Tibet, Burma, Nepali, New Guinea, Tropic Asia, Europe and North America. Starting from the sea level, their living spaces rise up to 4000 m. Their taxa are consisted of shrub and tree forms that vary between 20 cm and 30 meters. The Rhododendron makes a good progress on acidic soils that have a high moisture gradient, deep and good drainage and is rich in organic substance. In our country, on the other hand, it has 5 tspecies as R. ponticum, R. luteum, R. ungernii, R. smirnovii and R. caucasicum that spread up to 3200 m at the sea level and 12 taxons that are belong to these. The Rhododendron, which is colloquially called Hemlock, spreads across the coastal forests from the Western Black Sea to the Eastern Black Sea or spaces between the forests. Rhododendron ponticum;is generally shaped like shrubs that could grow up to 10 m. Its habitat spreads across beech forests and areas down the tree line. In our country, it naturally spreads up to a height of 2100 m from the sea level in the provinces of Kırklareli, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Kastamonu, Zonguldak, Ordu, Giresun, Rize and Artvin. Rhododendron luteum;is a shrub-shaped vegetable that drops leaves and could grow up to 4 m. It grows in conifers, deciduous forests and sloping meadow areas. In our country, it naturally spreads up to a height of 2200 m from the sea level in the provinces of Çanakkale, Kastamonu, Sinop, Amasya, Samsun, Trabzon, Rize and Balıkesir. Rhododendron caucasicum;is shaped as evergreen aromatic shrubs having a height of 1 m. It grows on acidic soils above the limit of tree growing between 1830 – 3000 m on Westernexposure slopes. In our country, it spreads across the provinces of Trabzon, Rize, Artvin and Kars. Rhododendron smirnovii; is shaped as evergreen aromatic srubs that could grow up to a height of 4 m. It spreads on heights between 850-2300 m, acidic or basic grounds, under Spruce forest and sometimes together with other Rhododendron species. R. smirnovii is an endemic species that only spreads across Artvin and Rize, which are the provinces of our country, in the world. Rhododendron ungernii;is shaped as evergreen aromatic shrubs or trees that could grow up to a height of 7 m. It grows under Spruce and Beech forests that grow on heights between 850-2200 m. In our country, it naturally spreads in the provinces of Artvin and Rize.
Introduction: The Ericaceae is represented by approximately 128 types spread across temperate regions of northern and southern hemisphere. Shaped like shrub or tree, it is rarely consisted of welwitschia. The Rhododendron has 700 taxa spread across China, Tibet, Burma, Nepali, New Guinea, Tropic Asia, Europe and North America. Starting from the sea level, their living spaces rise up to 4000 m. Their taxa are consisted of shrub and tree forms that vary between 20 cm and 30 meters. The Rhododendron makes a good progress on acidic soils that have a high moisture gradient, deep and good drainage and is rich in organic substance. In our country, on the other hand, it has 5 tspecies as R. ponticum, R. luteum, R. ungernii, R. smirnovii and R. caucasicum that spread up to 3200 m at the sea level and 12 taxons that are belong to these. The Rhododendron, which is colloquially called Hemlock, spreads across the coastal forests from the Western Black Sea to the Eastern Black Sea or spaces between the forests. Rhododendron ponticum;is generally shaped like shrubs that could grow up to 10 m. Its habitat spreads across beech forests and areas down the tree line. In our country, it naturally spreads up to a height of 2100 m from the sea level in the provinces of Kırklareli, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Kastamonu, Zonguldak, Ordu, Giresun, Rize and Artvin. Rhododendron luteum;is a shrub-shaped vegetable that drops leaves and could grow up to 4 m. It grows in conifers, deciduous forests and sloping meadow areas. In our country, it naturally spreads up to a height of 2200 m from the sea level in the provinces of Çanakkale, Kastamonu, Sinop, Amasya, Samsun, Trabzon, Rize and Balıkesir. Rhododendron caucasicum;is shaped as evergreen aromatic shrubs having a height of 1 m. It grows on acidic soils above the limit of tree growing between 1830 – 3000 m on Westernexposure slopes. In our country, it spreads across the provinces of Trabzon, Rize, Artvin and Kars. Rhododendron smirnovii; is shaped as evergreen aromatic srubs that could grow up to a height of 4 m. It spreads on heights between 850-2300 m, acidic or basic grounds, under Spruce forest and sometimes together with other Rhododendron species. R. smirnovii is an endemic species that only spreads across Artvin and Rize, which are the provinces of our country, in the world. Rhododendron ungernii;is shaped as evergreen aromatic shrubs or trees that could grow up to a height of 7 m. It grows under Spruce and Beech forests that grow on heights between 850-2200 m. In our country, it naturally spreads in the provinces of Artvin and Rize.
Description
Keywords
Ericaceae, Bal zehirlenmesi, Spindaceae, Rhododendron, Deli bal, Alternatif tıp, Ericaceae, Alternative medicine, Mad honey, Honey toxification
Citation
Çeter, T. ve Güney K. (2011). "Ormangülü ve deli bal". Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 11(4),124-129.