Afganistan'da safran üreten işletmelerin ekonomik analizi
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Date
2018-05-08
Authors
Moradi, Mohammad Masoud
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Afganistan'da ülke nüfusunun yaklaşık olarak % 80 'ini tarımla uğraşan kesim oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla tarım ülke ekonomisinde çok önemli yere sahiptir. Son yıllarda diğer tarımsal bitki ve ürünlerde olduğu gibi, safran bitkisinin üretimi ülke ekonomisini yakından etkilemektedir. Safran bitkisi ekonomik olarak çok pahalı ve önemli bir bitki olduğundan dolayı ülkede kırmızı altın olarak da adlandırılmaktadır. Safran bitkisinin üretimi ve ticareti Yunanistan, Türkiye, İspanya, İran, Hindistan, Afganistan, Fas gibi ülkeler başta olmak üzere Dünya'nın farklı bölgelerinde gerçekleşmektedir. Dünyada her sene yaklaşık 300 ton safran üretilmekte olup, üretimin yaklaşık % 90'ından fazlası İran'da gerçekleşmektedir. Bu önemli bitki Afganistan'da da çok eski yıllardan beri üretilmektedir. Günümüzde safran üretimi ülkenin hemen hemen her yerinde gerçekleşmektedir. Üretimin çoğu yılda 5-6 ton civarında Afganistan'ın Herat Eyaletinde gerçekleşiyor. Üretim ve ticarette yaşanan olumlu gelişmeler ülkedeki üreticilerin sosyo –ekonomik gelişimini arttırmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarında, safran üreten üreticilerin dekara kullandıkları tohum (soğan) miktarı 300 kg, toplam beş üretim yılı sonunda kullandıkları fosforlu gübre masrafları 15 $/da, azotlu gübre masrafları 22,5 $/da, sulama masrafları 200 $/da olarak bulunmuştur. Safran çiçeğinin toplama masrafları 379,3 $/da ve safran çiçeklerinden tepecikleri ayırma masrafları ise 520,2 $/da olarak hesaplanmıştır. Safran üretiminden elde edilen ortalama verim miktarı toplam beş üretim yılı sonunda 3,9 kg/da, ortalama yeni elde edilen (tohum) miktarı 1500 kg/da, gayrisafi ürün değeri 10,071$/da, elde edilen brüt kar 8705,52 $/da ve net kar ise 6900,97$/da olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada, safran üreticilerinin safran üretimiyle ilgili SWOT analizi de yapılmıştır. Safranın pahalı bir bitki olması ve hızlı bir şekilde satılabilmesi safranın güçlü yönlerini, Safran pazarlama faaliyetlerinde karşılaşılan sorunları safran üretimi için yetersiz devlet destekleri oluşturmaktadır.
In Afghanistan, about 80% of the country's population is engaged in agriculture. Therefore, agriculture has a very important place in the country's economy. As in other agricultural crops and products in recent years, the production of saffron plants is closely affecting the economy of the country. Saffron plant is also called the red gold in the country, because it is economically very important and expensive plant. Production and trade of saffron plant is taking place in different parts of the world, especially in countries like Greece, Turkey, Spain, Iran, India, Afghanistan, Morocco. There are about 300 tons of saffron production per year in the world, more than 90% of production takes place in Iran. This important plant has been produced in Afghanistan since ancient times. Nowadays saffron production takes place in almost everywhere in the country. Most of the production, at about 5-6 tonnes per year takes place in Afghanistan's Herat Province. Positive developments in production and trade increase the socio-economic development of producers in the country. According to the results of the research, the amount of seeds (onions) used by saffron producing producers was 300 kg, the phosphorus fertilizer costs they used at the end of the five production years were 15 $ / da, the nitrogen fertilizer costs were 22,5 $ / da, the irrigation costs were 200 $ / respectively. Saffron flower collection costs were $ 379,3 / da and stigma flower sorting costs were $ 520,2 / da. The average yield from saffron production is 3.9 kg / da at the end of the five production years, the average new seed (seed) is 1500 kg / da, the gross product value is 10,071 $ / da, the gross profit is 8705,52 $ / da and a net profit of $ 6900,97 / da. In the study, SWOT analysis was also conducted to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of saffron production by saffron producing enterprises. The fact that saffron is an expensive plant is one of the strengths of saffron production, the problems encountered in marketing activities of saffron is the inadequate state supports for saffron production.
In Afghanistan, about 80% of the country's population is engaged in agriculture. Therefore, agriculture has a very important place in the country's economy. As in other agricultural crops and products in recent years, the production of saffron plants is closely affecting the economy of the country. Saffron plant is also called the red gold in the country, because it is economically very important and expensive plant. Production and trade of saffron plant is taking place in different parts of the world, especially in countries like Greece, Turkey, Spain, Iran, India, Afghanistan, Morocco. There are about 300 tons of saffron production per year in the world, more than 90% of production takes place in Iran. This important plant has been produced in Afghanistan since ancient times. Nowadays saffron production takes place in almost everywhere in the country. Most of the production, at about 5-6 tonnes per year takes place in Afghanistan's Herat Province. Positive developments in production and trade increase the socio-economic development of producers in the country. According to the results of the research, the amount of seeds (onions) used by saffron producing producers was 300 kg, the phosphorus fertilizer costs they used at the end of the five production years were 15 $ / da, the nitrogen fertilizer costs were 22,5 $ / da, the irrigation costs were 200 $ / respectively. Saffron flower collection costs were $ 379,3 / da and stigma flower sorting costs were $ 520,2 / da. The average yield from saffron production is 3.9 kg / da at the end of the five production years, the average new seed (seed) is 1500 kg / da, the gross product value is 10,071 $ / da, the gross profit is 8705,52 $ / da and a net profit of $ 6900,97 / da. In the study, SWOT analysis was also conducted to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of saffron production by saffron producing enterprises. The fact that saffron is an expensive plant is one of the strengths of saffron production, the problems encountered in marketing activities of saffron is the inadequate state supports for saffron production.
Description
Keywords
Safran, Afganistan, Ekonomi, Ticaret, İşsizlik, Kalkınma, Saffron, Afghanistan, Economy, Trade, Unemployment, Development
Citation
Moradi, M. M. (2018). Afganistan'da safran üreten işletmelerin ekonomik analizi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.