2011 Cilt 11 Sayı 1
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Item Open Access Seasonal incidence of some economic bee diseases (Varroosis, Nosemosis and American Foulbrood) in honey bee colonies of Northwestern Iran(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Lotfi, Alireza; Shahryar, Habib AghdamThe aim of this review is to inform about the status of three economic bee diseases (Varroosis, Nosemosis and American foulbrood) in an important honey producing region, eastern Azerbaijan province (Northwestern Iran). These reports are based on colonies analysed for possible occurrence of these diseases. The major bee disease in the region is varroosis. Lowest rate of varroosis spread was in spring (7.72%) and it increases in the following seasons respectively and the highest rate was occurred in March (44%). Because of cold and semi-arid climate in northwestern Iran (such as eastern Azerbaijan province), Nosema apis has lower prevalence, but it can be hazardous at spring with about 59% incidence rate. About American foulbrood (AFB) 5.8% total infection rate was observed, AFB infection was started in May with highest incidence rate (17.3% of apiaries) and finished in July with 1%. With attention to these findings and reports of local veterinary organization, varroosis as the major bee disease in this region via impairing of bee population and stability in the colony, make susceptible conditions for secondary infection with Nosema apis at next spring.Item Open Access Honey bee viruses, diseases and hive management in The Middle East and their relation to the colony collapse disorder and bee losses(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Haddad, NizarBeekeeping industry plays a pivotal role in the agricultural, food security, biodiversity and national economies, not only by giving varies hive products but most importantly is the high impact that the honeybees are making in the crops and wild flora pollination. Since the year 2007 most of the beekeepers around the world had face a very big colony losses and unusual incident of disappearance of the bees "CCD", this article is trying to spotlight some reasons behind both CCD and bee losses in the Middle East area. No clear correlation between a single reason and CCD was found, but several vectors did have a clear relationship with the bee losses in the Middle East area. It is clear that beekeepers suffered big bee losses over the last few years, and until now there is no clear and scientifically proven explanation to CCD.