Ken'ân Rifâî: Hayatı eserleri ve tasavvuf anlayışı
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Date
2020
Authors
Yalçınkaya, Arzu Eylül
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Ken'ân Rifâî, XX. yüzyılın önemli sûfî şeyhlerinden biridir. Tasavvufî görüşlerinde tevhid ve aşk vurgusu öne çıkan şeyh Ken'ân Rifâî, aşırılıklardan arınmış ve orta yolu takip eden bir tasavvuf anlayışının temsilcisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu durum onun hayatının her boyutuna aksetmiştir. Şeyh Ken'ân Rifâî, 1867 yılında Selânik'te dünyaya geldi. Filibe Hânedanı'na mensup olan Rifâî, 1876 Bulgar isyanı sırasında ailesi ile birlikte İstanbul'a gelerek Fatih semtine yerleşmiştir. Ken'ân Rifâî Galatasaray Lisesi'nden mezuniyetinin ardından Bâbıâli'de görev almış ve akabinde Maârif Nezâreti bünyesindeki kurumlarda çalışmaya başlamıştır. Memuriyet hayatı boyunca Anadolu'dan Balkanlar'a, İstanbul'dan Medine'ye kadar Osmanlı Devleti'nin farklı coğrafyalarında maârif müdürlüğü, idarecilik ve müfettişlik gibi vazifelerde bulunan Rifâî, bu süre zarfında iki tarîkattan seyr ü sülûkunu tamamlamıştır. Rifâî, Filibeli Edhem Efendi'den Kâdirî icazeti ve Medine Şeyhü'l-Meşâyıh'ı Hamza er-Rifâî'den Rifâî icazeti alarak 1908 yılından itibaren Fatih semtindeki Ümmü Ken'ân Dergâhı'nda resmî olarak şeyhlik görevine başlamıştır. Meclis-i Meşâyıh'a bağlı bir şeyh olarak on yedi yıl boyunca irşad faaliyetlerine devam eden Ken'ân Rifâî, yazdığı eserler ve bestelediği ilâhilerle tasavvuf literatürüne ve tekke kültürüne önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Şeyh tekkelerin ilgası ile ilgili kararı Hakk'ın bir tecellîsi kabul ederek 1925 yılında tekke faaliyetlerine son vermiştir. Ken'ân Rifâî Osmanlı Devleti'nin geleneksel ve modern eğitim kurumlarında yetişmiş bir eğitimci ve mutasavvıftır. Onun hayatı ve tasavvuf anlayışının incelenmesi Osmanlı'nın son dönemindeki tasavvuf hareketlerini anlamaya da imkan vermektedir.
Sheikh Ken'ân Rifâî, who outstands the unity and love in his Sufi views, draws a portrait of a Sufi that has a conscious personality and following a balanced and middle way. This state of balance makes itself felt in Rifâî's understanding of religion and Sufism. Ken'ân Rifâî, a member of prominent and influential family, was born in Salonika, in 1867. During the Bulgarian ethnic rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, Ken'ân Rifâî moved to Istanbul with his family in 1876. Having graduated from Galatasaray High School, he worked for a short time at governmental offices of Sublime Porte. He then became a high-ranking administrator and teacher under the Ministry of Education. He was appointed in various cities of the Empire from Anatolia to the Balkans such as Balikesir, Adana, Bitola, Kosovo, and Trabzon. Ken'ân Rifâî received his Qadiri license from Sheikh Edhem Efendi and his Rifâî license from Sheikh Hamza Efendi. Upon his return to Istanbul, he built a Sufi lodge adjacent to his mansion and became an official sheikh registered in the Ottoman Council of the Sheikh in 1908. Ken'ân Rifâî continued to train his followers for seventeen years. With his written work and compositions, he had a significant contribution to the literature and culture of the Sufi tradition. He closed his lodge in 1925 with the Republican ban of Sufi orders without any opposition as he considered it as the will of God. Ken'ân Rifâî is an educator and sheikh of the 20th century. It is important to examine Rifâî's life and understanding of Sufism in order to better reflect on the Late Ottoman Sufi movemen.
Sheikh Ken'ân Rifâî, who outstands the unity and love in his Sufi views, draws a portrait of a Sufi that has a conscious personality and following a balanced and middle way. This state of balance makes itself felt in Rifâî's understanding of religion and Sufism. Ken'ân Rifâî, a member of prominent and influential family, was born in Salonika, in 1867. During the Bulgarian ethnic rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, Ken'ân Rifâî moved to Istanbul with his family in 1876. Having graduated from Galatasaray High School, he worked for a short time at governmental offices of Sublime Porte. He then became a high-ranking administrator and teacher under the Ministry of Education. He was appointed in various cities of the Empire from Anatolia to the Balkans such as Balikesir, Adana, Bitola, Kosovo, and Trabzon. Ken'ân Rifâî received his Qadiri license from Sheikh Edhem Efendi and his Rifâî license from Sheikh Hamza Efendi. Upon his return to Istanbul, he built a Sufi lodge adjacent to his mansion and became an official sheikh registered in the Ottoman Council of the Sheikh in 1908. Ken'ân Rifâî continued to train his followers for seventeen years. With his written work and compositions, he had a significant contribution to the literature and culture of the Sufi tradition. He closed his lodge in 1925 with the Republican ban of Sufi orders without any opposition as he considered it as the will of God. Ken'ân Rifâî is an educator and sheikh of the 20th century. It is important to examine Rifâî's life and understanding of Sufism in order to better reflect on the Late Ottoman Sufi movemen.
Description
Keywords
Tasavvuf, Ken’ân Rifâî, Maârif, Tekke, Şeyh, Sufism, Education, Dervish lodge, Sheikh
Citation
Yalçınkaya, A.E. (2020). Ken'ân Rifâî: Hayatı eserleri ve tasavvuf anlayışı. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.