Kur'ân'da "arş" kavramı
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Date
2020-06-25
Authors
Kocabay, Harun
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İnsanların yeryüzünde ürettiği sosyo-kültürel havza içerisinde "Arş" gibi zamanla belli anlamlar kazanmış ve duyularla kesişen sözcük ve kavramları, gözle görülemeyen ve zihnen tasavvur edilemeyen gaybî konuların insanlara bildirilmesinde birer kod olarak kullanan Kur'ân, söz konusu kavramlarla en başta ilâhî bir gücün ve dünya ötesi bir hayatın varlığını zihinlere yerleştirmiş ve bununla birlikte hayatın anlamına dair en temel prensipleri oluşturmayı amaçlamıştır. "Arş" ve Allah Teâlâ'nın ona istivâ etmiş olması, teşbîh ve tecsîmi çağrıştırması sebebiyle ulemânın tarih boyunca izahında zorlandığı meselelerden biri olmuştur. Her ne kadar Kur'ân'ın amacı, antropomorfik ifadeleri birer araç olarak kullanmak olsa da bu ifadeler bazı mezheplerce hakîkat olarak algılanmış, Allah Teâlâ'nın beşerî hallere benzer bir şekilde Arş'ın üzerinde oturduğu ve orada mekân edindiği söylenmiştir. Bundan dolayı hicrî ikinci ve üçüncü asırlarda itikâdî fırkaların ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte konu üzerinde tartışmalar çıkmış ve konuyla alakalı kitaplar kaleme alınarak mesele açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Selef âlimleri, Arş'ın "taht" (serîr) mânasına geldiğini söyleyerek âyet ve hadislerdeki ifadeleri yorumlamazlarken, sonraki dönemlerde çeşitli yorumlar yapılmış ve Allah'ın hiçbir şeye benzemediğine dair vârid olan nasslardan hareketle, Arş ile anlatılmak istenenin ilâhî saltanat ve hâkimiyet olduğu söylenmiştir.
Qur'an, which use itself as a code in the case of informing people that in the socio-cultural basin, that people have produced, concepts like "Arsh" gained certain meanings overtime and words and concepts that intersecting with senses, unseen subjects that are invisible and mentally unimaginable, with aforementioned concepts it placed the existence of divine power and life beyond the world in the minds and besides that it aimed to build basic principles regarding the aim of life. Arsh and the rise (Istawa) of God upon it, due to association with similitude and embodiment, created difficulty throughout the history for scholars in explaining it which became one of the problems. Although the Qur'an's aim is to use anthropomorphic statements as a tool yet those statements within some sects are understood as truth and it is said that, similar to human conditions, almighty Allah sat upon the Arsh and there he got the space. Therefore, with the emergence of theological sects in the first century and second century of hijra, discussions were made and by writing books regarding the topic problems were clarified. By stating Arsh as "throne" (sarir), salaf scholars preventing themselves from interpreting the terms from verses and prophetic tradition, in following periods various interpretations were made and with reference to resources mentioning that Allah do not resemble anything, it was inferred that Arsh refers to divine supremacy and sovereignty.
Qur'an, which use itself as a code in the case of informing people that in the socio-cultural basin, that people have produced, concepts like "Arsh" gained certain meanings overtime and words and concepts that intersecting with senses, unseen subjects that are invisible and mentally unimaginable, with aforementioned concepts it placed the existence of divine power and life beyond the world in the minds and besides that it aimed to build basic principles regarding the aim of life. Arsh and the rise (Istawa) of God upon it, due to association with similitude and embodiment, created difficulty throughout the history for scholars in explaining it which became one of the problems. Although the Qur'an's aim is to use anthropomorphic statements as a tool yet those statements within some sects are understood as truth and it is said that, similar to human conditions, almighty Allah sat upon the Arsh and there he got the space. Therefore, with the emergence of theological sects in the first century and second century of hijra, discussions were made and by writing books regarding the topic problems were clarified. By stating Arsh as "throne" (sarir), salaf scholars preventing themselves from interpreting the terms from verses and prophetic tradition, in following periods various interpretations were made and with reference to resources mentioning that Allah do not resemble anything, it was inferred that Arsh refers to divine supremacy and sovereignty.
Description
Keywords
Arş, İstivâ, Kürsî, Levh, Tefsir, Kur’ân, Arsh, Istawa (rise), Throne, Lawh, Tafsir, Qur’an
Citation
Kocabay, H. (2020). Kur'ân'da "arş" kavramı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.