Yüksek süt verimli ineklere laktasyon başlangıcında D vitamini uygulanmasının yangısal parametrelere, karaciğer aktivite ve fonksiyon indeksi üzerine etkisi
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Date
2020-01-30
Authors
Kaya, Feyyaz
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
D vitamininin kalsiyum ve fosfor metabolizması üzerine etkisinin yanında son yıllarda immun sisteme ve yangısal-enfeksiyöz hastalıkları önlemede olumlu etkileri olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada doğumdan 24 saat sonra D3 vitamini uygulanan ineklerde, uygulamanın kalsiyum, fosfor metabolizması üzerine etkisi ile birlikte karbonhidrat ve yağ metabolizması, yangısal parametrelere, karaciğer aktivite indeksi (LAI) ve karaciğer fonksiyon indeksi (LFI) üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada yüksek süt verimli 20 Holştayn multiparaous inek kullanıldı. İneklerin 10 adetine doğumdan 24 saat sonra 5 milyon U D3 vitamini (im, 5 ml) uygulandı. Kontrol grubundakilere aynı zamanda izotonik sodyum klorür (5 ml, im) yapıldı. Bütün ineklerden doğumdan sonra 1. (enjeksiyon öncesi), 3., 7., 14. ve 28 günlerde antikoagülansız tüplere kan alındı ve serumları -20 °C'da depolandı. Kan serumlarında kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum, potasyum, D ve A vitamini, parathormon, NEFA, BHBA, kolesterol, trigliserid, albumin, total protein, haptoglobin, serum amiloid A, seruloplazmin, AST, GGT ve total bilirubin düzeyleri ölçüldü. Her iki gruptaki ineklerin LAI ve LFI değerleri hesaplandı. Çalışmada subklinik hipokalsemi (SCH) oranı deney süresi boyunca deney grubunda %32, kontrol grubunda ise %34 olarak hesaplanırken, tüm ineklerde ilk 14 gün içinde %41.25 olarak bulunmuştur. D vitamini grubunda SCH 3.günden sonra bir inekte, kontrol grubunda beş inekte görülmüştür. Deney grubunda D vitamini düzeyi kontrol grubuna göre 7.günden itibaren anlamlı olarak yükselmiştir (P<0,05). NEFA düzeyi >0,700 mEq/L 3, 7 ve 14.günlerde D vitamini grubunda 2 inekte 3 kez, kontrol grubunda 6 inekte 14 kez tespit edilmiştir. Haptoglobin, serum amiloid A ve seruloplazmin düzeylerinde gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık görülmezken, serum amiloid A yalnız 3.günde deney grubunda daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,05). D vitaminin kalsiyum (P<0,05), A vitamini (P<0,01) ile pozitif ve NEFA (P<0,01) ile negatif korelasyonu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kalsiyum ile NEFA, haptoglobin ve serum amiloid A ile negatif olmak üzere, A vitamini (P<0,01), total kolesterol ve total protein (P<0,05) arasında korelasyon gözlenmiştir. LAI ile LFI arasında önemli pozitif korelasyon (P<0,01) olmasına rağmen; LFI, deney grubunda biraz daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Sonuç olarak; ineklerde doğumdan sonraki 24. saatte uygulanan D3 vitaminin SCH'yi 3. günde geçici olarak artırmasına rağmen, özellikle ilk 14 günde önlediği gözlenmiştir. Yine D vitaminin postpartum NEFA düzeyleri üzerine olumlu etki yaptığı ve yangısal yanıtta önemli bir değişiklik oluşturmadığı ileri sürülebilir. Diğer yandan D vitamini uygulamasının LAI üzerine etkisi gözlenmezken, LFI üzerine kısmi olumlu etkisi olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.
In addition to the effect of vitamin D on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, it has been suggested that in recent years it has positive effects on immune system and prevention of inflammatory-infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium, phosphorus metabolism on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, inflammatory parameters, liver activity index (LAI) and liver function index (LFI) in cows treated with vitamin D3 24 hours after birth. 20 Holstein multiparaous cows with high milk yield were used in the study. Ten cows were given 5 million U vitamin D3 (im, 5 ml) 24 hours after birth. The control group was also treated with isotonic sodium chloride (5 ml, im). Blood samples were collected to tubes without anticoagulant from all cows after parturition (before the administration) 1st and 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th days. Serum samples were stored at -20 °C after separation. In the serum samples calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A and D, parathormone, non-esterified fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, total protein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, seruloplazmin, AST, GGT, and total bilirubin levels were measured. In both groups, LAI and LFI indexes of all cows were calculated. In this study, the subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) rate was calculated %32 and %34 in the experimental group and control group respectively through the experimental process, and the subclinical hypocalcemia rate was calculated %41,25 for all cows in the first fourteen days. After the third day; although SCH was seen in only one cow in the experimental group it was seen five cows in the control group. Vitamin D levels started to increase statistically significant after the 7th day in the experimental group(P<0,05). NEFA levels that higher than >0,700 mEq/L were determined three times in two cows and fourteen times in six cows in the experimental group and in the control group respectively at the 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Although there are no statistically significant differences determine between the groups in haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and caeruloplasmin levels, in the experimental group serum amyloid A levels were determined statistically significantly higher than the control group only third day (P<0,05). It was determined that positive correlations between vitamin D with calcium (P<0,05) and vitamin A (P<0,01); and negative correlation was also determined with NEFA (P<0,05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between calcium and NEFA, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, and a positive correlation between vitamin A (P <0.01), total cholesterol and total protein (P <0.05). Although there is a significant correlation was determined between LAI and LFI; LFI gave a better result in the experimental group than the control group. In conclusion, although the administration of vitamin D3 24 hours after parturition result in a transient increase in the SCH in 3rd day it can prevent SCH particularly in the first fourteen days. Additionally, it can be suggested that vitamin D has a positive effect on the levels of NEFA and doesn't cause important changes in inflammatory response. On the other hand, although there is no positive effect was observed of vitamin D on LAI; we thought that it has a partially positive effect on LFI.
In addition to the effect of vitamin D on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, it has been suggested that in recent years it has positive effects on immune system and prevention of inflammatory-infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium, phosphorus metabolism on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, inflammatory parameters, liver activity index (LAI) and liver function index (LFI) in cows treated with vitamin D3 24 hours after birth. 20 Holstein multiparaous cows with high milk yield were used in the study. Ten cows were given 5 million U vitamin D3 (im, 5 ml) 24 hours after birth. The control group was also treated with isotonic sodium chloride (5 ml, im). Blood samples were collected to tubes without anticoagulant from all cows after parturition (before the administration) 1st and 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th days. Serum samples were stored at -20 °C after separation. In the serum samples calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A and D, parathormone, non-esterified fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, total protein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, seruloplazmin, AST, GGT, and total bilirubin levels were measured. In both groups, LAI and LFI indexes of all cows were calculated. In this study, the subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) rate was calculated %32 and %34 in the experimental group and control group respectively through the experimental process, and the subclinical hypocalcemia rate was calculated %41,25 for all cows in the first fourteen days. After the third day; although SCH was seen in only one cow in the experimental group it was seen five cows in the control group. Vitamin D levels started to increase statistically significant after the 7th day in the experimental group(P<0,05). NEFA levels that higher than >0,700 mEq/L were determined three times in two cows and fourteen times in six cows in the experimental group and in the control group respectively at the 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Although there are no statistically significant differences determine between the groups in haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and caeruloplasmin levels, in the experimental group serum amyloid A levels were determined statistically significantly higher than the control group only third day (P<0,05). It was determined that positive correlations between vitamin D with calcium (P<0,05) and vitamin A (P<0,01); and negative correlation was also determined with NEFA (P<0,05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between calcium and NEFA, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, and a positive correlation between vitamin A (P <0.01), total cholesterol and total protein (P <0.05). Although there is a significant correlation was determined between LAI and LFI; LFI gave a better result in the experimental group than the control group. In conclusion, although the administration of vitamin D3 24 hours after parturition result in a transient increase in the SCH in 3rd day it can prevent SCH particularly in the first fourteen days. Additionally, it can be suggested that vitamin D has a positive effect on the levels of NEFA and doesn't cause important changes in inflammatory response. On the other hand, although there is no positive effect was observed of vitamin D on LAI; we thought that it has a partially positive effect on LFI.
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Keywords
Sütçü inek, D vitamini, Yangısal parametreler, Karaciğer aktivite ve fonksiyon indeksi, Dairy cow, Vitamin D, Inflammatory parameters, Liver activity and functionality index
Citation
Kaya, F. (2020). Yüksek süt verimli ineklere laktasyon başlangıcında D vitamini uygulanmasının yangısal parametrelere, karaciğer aktivite ve fonksiyon indeksi üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.