Farklı sulama seviyelerinin malçlı ve malçsız koşullarda yetiştirilen sofralık domatesin verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi
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Date
2020-09-11
Authors
Karaer, Murat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışma, Bilecik koşullarında farklı sulama seviyelerinin ve malç uygulamasının sofralık domateste (Lycopersicon esculentum, Zahide F1 çeşidi) verim ve kalite özelliklerine olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla 2017-2018 yılları yetiştirme dönemlerinde yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre kurulan çalışmada, ana parselleri malçlı (M) ve malçsız (NM) konular, alt parselleri ise sulama konuları (A sınıfı buharlaşma kabında meydana gelen yığışımlı buharlaşmanın %100 (I100), %75 (I75), %50 (I50) ve %25 (I25)’i) oluşturmuş ve deneme 3 tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, domates bitkisinin mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi I100 sulama suyu seviyesinde, 2017 yılında malçlı konuda 482 mm, malçsız konuda 570 mm, 2018 yılında malçlı konuda 486 mm, malçsız konuda 593 mm olmuştur. Uygulamalar arasında her iki yılda da en yüksek meyve verimi malçlı konulardan elde edilmiş ve sulama suyu seviyesi azaldıkça verim de azalmıĢtır. 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında en yüksek verim I100×M konusundan elde edilmiş ve sırasıyla 72,56 t/ha ve 75,5 t/ha olarak bulunmuştur. Domates meyve kalite özellikleri üzerinde yapılan analizler sonucunda su kısıtı arttıkça suda çözünür toplam kuru madde, toplam Ģeker, likopen, titrasyon asitliği değerleri artmıştır. Sulama seviyesi azaldıkça tek meyve ağırlığı, meyve çapı, meyve boyu, pH ve meyve delinme direnci değerleri azalmıştır. Malç uygulamasının da meyve delinme direnci, pH ve renk L değeri dışındaki kalite özellikleri üzerindeki etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bütün sulama seviyelerinde en yüksek verim sonuçlarını veren malç uygulaması ve kap buharlaşmasınn %100’ünün uygulandığı, suyun kıt olduğu koşullarda ise kap buharlaşmasının %75 ve %50’sinin uygulandığı malçlı konular önerilmektedir.
The study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and mulch application on yield and quality characteristics of table tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum, Zahide F1 variety) in Bilecik conditions between 2017 and 2018. In the study, which was established in 3 replications according to the split plot design the main plots were mulch (M) and no-mulch (NM) and the sub-plots were irrigation water amounts (100% (I100), 75% (I75), 50% (I50) and 25% (I25) of the cumulative evaporation occurring in the Class A pan). As a result of the research, the seasonal evapotranspiration of tomato plants was found as 482 mm in mulch and 570 mm in no mulch in 2017 and in 2018, it was 486 mm for mulch and 593 mm for no mulch. Among the applications, the highest yields were obtained from mulch application in both years and the yield decreased as the irrigation water level decreased. In 2017, the highest yield was obtained from I100×M as 72,56 t/ha, and in 2018, the highest yield was obtained from I100×M as 75,5 t/ha. As a result of the quality analyzes, as the water deficit increased, total soluble solids (Brix), total sugar, lycopene, titration acidity values increased. As the irrigation level decreases, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, pH and fruit puncture resistance values decreased. It was concluded that the effect of mulch application on quality characteristics except fruit puncture resistance, pH and color L value was statistically significant. As a result of the study, mulch application that gives the highest yield result at all irrigation levels and irrigation water that occuring 100% of pan evaporation are suggested. In conditions where water is limited, irrigation water that occuring 75% and 50% of pan evaporation with mulch application are suggested.
The study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and mulch application on yield and quality characteristics of table tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum, Zahide F1 variety) in Bilecik conditions between 2017 and 2018. In the study, which was established in 3 replications according to the split plot design the main plots were mulch (M) and no-mulch (NM) and the sub-plots were irrigation water amounts (100% (I100), 75% (I75), 50% (I50) and 25% (I25) of the cumulative evaporation occurring in the Class A pan). As a result of the research, the seasonal evapotranspiration of tomato plants was found as 482 mm in mulch and 570 mm in no mulch in 2017 and in 2018, it was 486 mm for mulch and 593 mm for no mulch. Among the applications, the highest yields were obtained from mulch application in both years and the yield decreased as the irrigation water level decreased. In 2017, the highest yield was obtained from I100×M as 72,56 t/ha, and in 2018, the highest yield was obtained from I100×M as 75,5 t/ha. As a result of the quality analyzes, as the water deficit increased, total soluble solids (Brix), total sugar, lycopene, titration acidity values increased. As the irrigation level decreases, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, pH and fruit puncture resistance values decreased. It was concluded that the effect of mulch application on quality characteristics except fruit puncture resistance, pH and color L value was statistically significant. As a result of the study, mulch application that gives the highest yield result at all irrigation levels and irrigation water that occuring 100% of pan evaporation are suggested. In conditions where water is limited, irrigation water that occuring 75% and 50% of pan evaporation with mulch application are suggested.
Description
Keywords
Domates, Tomato, Sulama seviyesi, Malç, Verim, Kalite, Mulch, Irrigation levels, Yield, Quality
Citation
Karaer, M. (2020). Farklı sulama seviyelerinin malçlı ve malçsız koşullarda yetiştirilen sofralık domatesin verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.