Farklı oranlarda verilen süt miktarının buzağılarda gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkisi
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Date
2020
Authors
Kıvanç, Recep Tolga
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı; 0-70. günlük buzağılarda farklı oranlarda verilen süt miktarının buzağılarda gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkisini görmek amacıyla ; yem tüketimi, canlı ağırlık artışı, yemden yararlanma, vücut ölçüleri ve rumen parametreleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu araştırma Kırşehir İlinde yer alan Tek yön hayvancılık Çiftliği'ne ait buzağı ünitesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada hayvan materyali olarak dişi (N=43) ve erkek (N=45) toplam 88 adet Holstein ırkı buzağı kullanılmıştır. Buzağılara haftalık yapılan canlı ağırlık tartımları neticesine göre haftalık süt miktarı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma toplamda 4 grupta yürütülmüş olup, 1. Grupta yer alan buzağılara canlı ağırlıklarının %10 miktarında sütü 3 öğünde ( %10-3 öğün) , 2. Grupta yer alan buzağılara canlı ağırlığın %15 miktarında sütü 3 öğünde ( %15-3 öğün), 3. Grupta Canlı Ağırlığın %20 miktarında sütü 3 öğünde ( %20-3 öğün), 4. Grupta yer alan buzağılara canlı ağırlığın % 10 miktarında sütü 2 öğünde ( %10-2 öğün) verilmiştir. Buzağılar doğumdan sonraki ilk 3 gün kolostrum ile beslenmiş, 4. günden itibaren doğum canlı ağırlıklarına göre gruplara dağıtılarak buzağı başlangıç yemi ve suya erişimleri sağlanacak şekilde bireysel kulübelere alınmıştır. Buzağıların canlı ağırlıkları, kaba yem buzağı başlangıç yemi tüketimleri ve yemden yararlanma oranları haftalık hesaplanmıştır. Buzağıların 58. Günlük yaştan itibaren sütten kesme prosedürü uygulanmış ve 70. Günlük yaşta sütten kesim gerçekleşmiştir. Yine buzağılardan doğumdan sonraki 24-36. saatlerde alınan kan numunelerinden Total Protein ve Serum Ig düzeyleri, 70. günde ve 90. günde alınan rumen sıvısında ise pH ölçümü yapılmış, rumen uçucu yağ asidi profili ve rumen NH3-N miktarına bakılmıştır. Buzağılarda 0.günden itibaren; cidago yüksekliği, göğüs çevresi uzunluğu ve boy uzunluğu haftalık ölçülmüştür. Veriler karma doğrusal modelleme ile SAS programında MIXED prosedürü kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Buzağıların katı yem miktarları tüketiminde 2.Grup %15-3 ve 3.Grup %20-3 gruplarında yer alan buzağıların diğer gruplara nazaran daha az miktarda yonca ve konsantre yem tükettikleri tespit edilmiştir (P<0,0001). Günlük kuru madde tüketimlerinde 3.Grup %20-3 grubu diğer gruplara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek ( P<0,0001)olmuş; cidago yüksekliğine uygulamanın etkisi anlamlı görülmüş, %20-3 grubu sayısal anlamda diğer gruplara nazaran daha yüksek, %10-2 grubu ise en düşük cidago yükseklik ortalamasına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Göğüs çevresi uzunluğu ve vücut uzunluğuna uygulamanın etkisine bakıldığında %20-3 grubunda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olmuş (P<0,0001); zamana bağlı değişim anlamlı gözlenmiştir (P<0,0001). Canlı ağırlık etkisi bakımından %20-3 grubunun %10-2 grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük olmuş (P=0,01), zamana bağlı değişimi anlamlı gözlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada günlük canlı ağırlık artışı %20-3 grubunun diğer gruplara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek ( P=0,0033) olmuş, zamana bağlı değişim anlamlı gözlemlenmiştir (P<0,0001). Buzağılardan 70. ve 90. günde alınan rumen örneklerinde gruplar arasında rumen uçucu yağ asitleri, rumen pH'sı, rumen NH3-N bakımından anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak günde 3 öğün beslenen ve canlı ağırlığın %20'si kadar süt tüketen buzağılarda daha fazla vücut uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi ve canlı ağırlık artışı olduğu tespit edilmiş ancak buzağılar yaşamlarının 90.gününe geldiklerinde bütün gruplardaki canlı ağırlıklar benzer bulunmuştur. Sütten kesim zamanlarında daha fazla süt içen gruplarda toplam kuru madde tüketiminin azaldığı belirlenmiş olup sütten kesim stratejisinin belirleyici bir faktör olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.
The purpose of this research; In order to see the effect of the amount of milk given at different rates in 0-70 days old calves on development parameters; to investigate the effects on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency, body size and rumen parameters. The research was carried out in calf unit in Tekyön Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Kırşehir. In the study, a total of 88 female (N = 43) and male (N = 45) Holstein calves were used as animal material. Weekly milk amount was determined according to the results of the weekly body weight weighing of the calves. The study was carried out in 4 groups, and the calves in the 1st group received 10% of their live weight milk in 3 meals (10-3% meals), and the calves in the 2nd group with 15% of their body weight in 3 meals (15-3% meals), In the 3rd group, 20% of the body weight was given milk in 3 meals (20-3% meal), and the calves in the 4th group were given milk 10% of the body weight in 2 meals (10-2% meal). Calves were fed with colostrum for the first 3 days after birth. Later, the calf was distributed to the groups according to their birth body weight, and the calf was taken to individual box by providing starter feed and access to water. Body weights of the calves, calf starter consumption and feed efficieny, were calculated weekly. Calves were weaned on the 70th day. pH measurement was made and volatile fatty acids profile and NH3- N were measured in rumen fluid taken on 70th and 90 th day. Starting from 0nd day, wither height, heart width and body lenght were measured weekly. The data were evaluated with mixed linear modeling in SAS program using MIXED procedure. In the consumption of solid feed amounts of the calves, it was determined that the calves in the 2nd group 15-3% and 3rd group 20-3% consumed less hay and starter than the other groups (P<0,0001). 3rd group 20-3% in daily dry matter consumption was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0,0001). the effect of the application on wither height was significant. The 20-3% group was numerically higher than the other groups, while the 10-2% group had the lowest wither height average. Considering the effect of application on hearth width and body length, the 20-3% group was significantly higher than the other groups; time-dependent change was observed significantly(P<0,0001). In terms of body weight effect, the 20-3% group was significantly lower than the 10-2% group (P = 0.01). Daily body weight gain was significantly higher (P =0.0033) in the 20-3% group compared to the other groups, a significant change in time was observed(P<0,0001). In rumen samples taken from calves on the 70th and 90th days, it is seen that there is no significant effect between the groups in terms of volatile fatty acids, rumen pH, rumen NH3-N. As a result, calves fed 3 meals a day and consuming 20% of their live weight had higher body length, heart width and live weight gain, but when the calves reached the 90th day of their lives, the live weights were similar in all groups. It has been determined that the total dry matter consumption decreases in the groups that drink more milk during weaning, and it appears that the weaning strategy is a determining factor.
The purpose of this research; In order to see the effect of the amount of milk given at different rates in 0-70 days old calves on development parameters; to investigate the effects on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency, body size and rumen parameters. The research was carried out in calf unit in Tekyön Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Kırşehir. In the study, a total of 88 female (N = 43) and male (N = 45) Holstein calves were used as animal material. Weekly milk amount was determined according to the results of the weekly body weight weighing of the calves. The study was carried out in 4 groups, and the calves in the 1st group received 10% of their live weight milk in 3 meals (10-3% meals), and the calves in the 2nd group with 15% of their body weight in 3 meals (15-3% meals), In the 3rd group, 20% of the body weight was given milk in 3 meals (20-3% meal), and the calves in the 4th group were given milk 10% of the body weight in 2 meals (10-2% meal). Calves were fed with colostrum for the first 3 days after birth. Later, the calf was distributed to the groups according to their birth body weight, and the calf was taken to individual box by providing starter feed and access to water. Body weights of the calves, calf starter consumption and feed efficieny, were calculated weekly. Calves were weaned on the 70th day. pH measurement was made and volatile fatty acids profile and NH3- N were measured in rumen fluid taken on 70th and 90 th day. Starting from 0nd day, wither height, heart width and body lenght were measured weekly. The data were evaluated with mixed linear modeling in SAS program using MIXED procedure. In the consumption of solid feed amounts of the calves, it was determined that the calves in the 2nd group 15-3% and 3rd group 20-3% consumed less hay and starter than the other groups (P<0,0001). 3rd group 20-3% in daily dry matter consumption was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0,0001). the effect of the application on wither height was significant. The 20-3% group was numerically higher than the other groups, while the 10-2% group had the lowest wither height average. Considering the effect of application on hearth width and body length, the 20-3% group was significantly higher than the other groups; time-dependent change was observed significantly(P<0,0001). In terms of body weight effect, the 20-3% group was significantly lower than the 10-2% group (P = 0.01). Daily body weight gain was significantly higher (P =0.0033) in the 20-3% group compared to the other groups, a significant change in time was observed(P<0,0001). In rumen samples taken from calves on the 70th and 90th days, it is seen that there is no significant effect between the groups in terms of volatile fatty acids, rumen pH, rumen NH3-N. As a result, calves fed 3 meals a day and consuming 20% of their live weight had higher body length, heart width and live weight gain, but when the calves reached the 90th day of their lives, the live weights were similar in all groups. It has been determined that the total dry matter consumption decreases in the groups that drink more milk during weaning, and it appears that the weaning strategy is a determining factor.
Description
Keywords
Buzağı başlangıç yemi, Büyüme parametreleri, Süt ile besleme, Sütten kesme, Rumen gelişimi, Doğum ağırlığı, Calf starter, Growth parameters, Weaning, Rumen development, Birth weight, Milk feeding
Citation
Kıvanç, R.T. (2020). Farklı oranlarda verilen süt miktarının buzağılarda gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü.